{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:01:56Z","timestamp":1791216116114,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The phylogenetically conserved nuclear factor I (NFI) family of transcription\/replication proteins is essential both for adenoviral DNA replication and for the transcription of many cellular genes. We showed previously that the four murine NFI genes (\n                    <jats:italic>Nfia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Nfib<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Nfic,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Nfix<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) are expressed in unique but overlapping patterns during mouse development and in adult tissues. Here we show that disruption of the\n                    <jats:italic>Nfia<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene causes perinatal lethality, with &gt;95% of homozygous\n                    <jats:italic>Nfia<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    animals dying within 2 weeks after birth. Newborn\n                    <jats:italic>Nfia<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    animals lack a corpus callosum and show ventricular dilation indicating early hydrocephalus. Rare surviving homozygous\n                    <jats:italic>Nfia<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice lack a corpus callosum, show severe communicating hydrocephalus, a full-axial tremor indicative of neurological defects, male-sterility, low female fertility, but near normal life spans. These findings indicate that while the\n                    <jats:italic>Nfia<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene appears nonessential for cell viability and DNA replication in embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts, loss of\n                    <jats:italic>Nfia<\/jats:italic>\n                    function causes severe developmental defects. This finding of an NFI gene required for a developmental process suggests that the four NFI genes may have distinct roles in vertebrate development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.21.11946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:35:07Z","timestamp":1027679707000},"page":"11946-11951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":212,"title":["Disruption of the murine nuclear factor I-A gene (\n                    <i>Nfia<\/i>\n                    ) results in perinatal lethality, hydrocephalus, and agenesis of the corpus callosum"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Liomar","family":"das Neves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia S.","family":"Duchala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Godinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musa A.","family":"Haxhiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemencia","family":"Colmenares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy B.","family":"Macklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine E.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth G.","family":"Butz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Gronostajski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.21.6438"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03811.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.7.2.875-886.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Synthesis of Adenoviral DNA with Purified Proteins","author":"Hurwitz J","year":"1985","unstructured":"J Hurwitz, S Adhya, J Field, R Gronostajski, R A Guggenheimer, M Kenny, J Lindenbaum, K Nagata Synthesis of Adenoviral DNA with Purified Proteins, ed P A Marks (Academic, New York), pp. 15\u201324 (1985)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(85)90263-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/13.14.5173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(199703)208:3<313::AID-AJA3>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.11.6273"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"501","volume":"7","author":"Kulkarni S","year":"1996","unstructured":"S Kulkarni, R M Gronostajski Cell Growth Differ 7, 501\u2013510 (1996).","journal-title":"Cell Growth Differ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.23.8963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.13.8813"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.15.4.2063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.47.29688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)30625-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-16-06186.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.42.27741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.9.2607"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.23.6641"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003359901008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90108-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00446a034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08143.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/14.22.9117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.10.4419"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.10.3.1041-1048.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1994.1343"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.9.3901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.15.10.5552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.19.3825"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.29.18538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.11.7072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90011-M"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/326292a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/336348a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490340509"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.12.5.2391-2395.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19981019)400:2<197::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-11-06608.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb03123.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)49698-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)00585-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81092-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.8.4656"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000472311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973696"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.35.5.399"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1197-346"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/7.6.999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.8.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00992.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.8.4481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","first-page":"7","volume":"58","author":"Dobyns W","year":"1996","unstructured":"W Dobyns Am J Hum Genet 58, 7\u201316 (1996).","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-07-02445.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903360411"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(92)90156-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.4.944"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0387-7604(95)00103-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.4.1122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(85)90168-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.30.445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.721353.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(97)88015-9"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.081082998","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,27]],"date-time":"2001-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":985651200000}}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.96.21.11946","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T15:31:18Z","timestamp":1649863878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.96.21.11946"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,12]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.96.21.11946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.96.21.11946","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-06-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-08-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-10-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}