{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T04:04:14Z","timestamp":1793333054527,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previously, it was shown that the lack of a functional estrogen receptor (ER) \u03b1 gene (ER\u03b1) greatly affects reproduction-related behaviors in both female and male mice. However, widespread expression of a novel second ER gene, ER\u03b2, demanded that we examine the possible participation of ER\u03b2 in regulation of these behaviors. In dramatic contrast to our results with ER\u03b1 knockout (\u03b1ERKO) males, \u03b2ERKO males performed at least as well as wild-type controls in sexual behavior tests. Moreover, not only did \u03b2ERKO males exhibit normal male-typical aggressive behavior, including offensive attacks, but they also showed higher levels of aggression than wild-type mice under certain conditions of social experience. These data revealed a significant interaction between genotype and social experience with respect to aggressive behavior. Finally, females lacking a functional \u03b2 isoform of the ER gene showed normal lordosis and courtship behaviors, extending in some cases beyond the day of behavioral estrus. These results highlight the importance of ER\u03b1 for the normal expression of natural reproductive behaviors in both sexes and also provide a background for future studies evaluating ER\u03b2 gene contributions to other, nonreproductive behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:38:21Z","timestamp":1027679901000},"page":"12887-12892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":339,"title":["Survival of reproductive behaviors in estrogen receptor \u03b2 gene-deficient (\u03b2ERKO) male and female mice"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Sonoko","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021; Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute on Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; and Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021; Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute on Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; and Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"April E.","family":"Chester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021; Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute on Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; and Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-\u212bke","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021; 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