{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:29:25Z","timestamp":1791192565810,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The conserved two-component regulatory system GacS\/GacA determines the expression of extracellular products and virulence factors in a variety of Gram-negative bacteria. In the biocontrol strain CHA0 of\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the response regulator GacA is essential for the synthesis of extracellular protease (AprA) and secondary metabolites including hydrogen cyanide. GacA was found to exert its control on the hydrogen cyanide biosynthetic genes (\n                    <jats:italic>hcnABC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and on the\n                    <jats:italic>aprA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene indirectly via a posttranscriptional mechanism. Expression of a translational\n                    <jats:italic>hcnA<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2032-\u2032\n                    <jats:italic>lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    fusion was GacA-dependent whereas a transcriptional\n                    <jats:italic>hcnA-lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    fusion was not. A distinct recognition site overlapping with the ribosome binding site appears to be primordial for GacA-steered regulation. GacA-dependence could be conferred to the\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA by a 3-bp substitution in the ribosome binding site. The gene coding for the global translational repressor RsmA of\n                    <jats:italic>P. fluorescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    was cloned. RsmA overexpression mimicked partial loss of GacA function and involved the same recognition site, suggesting that RsmA is a downstream regulatory element of the GacA control cascade. Mutational inactivation of the chromosomal\n                    <jats:italic>rsmA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene partially suppressed a\n                    <jats:italic>gacS<\/jats:italic>\n                    defect. Thus, a central, GacA-dependent switch from primary to secondary metabolism may operate at the level of translation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.14073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:39:15Z","timestamp":1027679955000},"page":"14073-14078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":238,"title":["Global GacA-steered control of cyanide and exoprotease production in\n                    <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens<\/i>\n                    involves specific ribosome binding sites"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Blumer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Microbienne, Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, 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