{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:25:49Z","timestamp":1781105149187,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The vertebrate immune system has evolved to respond vigorously to microbial infection but to ignore self-antigens. Evidence has emerged that B cell responses to viruses are initiated by immune recognition of ordered arrays of antigen on the viral surface. To test whether autoantibodies against a self-antigen can be induced by placing it in a context that mimics the ordered surface of a viral particle, a peptide representing an extracellular loop of the mouse chemokine receptor CCR5 was incorporated into an immunodominant site of the bovine papillomavirus virus L1 coat protein, which self-assembles into virus-like particles. Mice inoculated with chimeric L1-CCR5 particles generated autoantibodies that bound to native mouse CCR5, inhibited binding of its ligand RANTES, and blocked HIV-1 infection of an indicator cell line expressing a human-mouse CCR5 chimera. These results suggest a general method for inducing autoantibodies against self-antigens, with diverse potential basic research and clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:39:15Z","timestamp":1027679955000},"page":"2373-2378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Induction of autoantibodies to mouse CCR5 with recombinant papillomavirus particles"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Bryce","family":"Chackerian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Institutes of Health, Building 36, Room 1D-32, Bethesda, MD 20892-4040"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas R.","family":"Lowy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Institutes of Health, Building 36, Room 1D-32, Bethesda, MD 20892-4040"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Institutes of Health, Building 36, Room 1D-32, Bethesda, MD 20892-4040"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1997.0100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1997.0102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8248784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.24.12180"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.4.1800"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.6.5035-5045.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81313-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/381661a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/381667a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81314-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.11.8642-8656.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(89)90358-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.13.7551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/86.7.494"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.7.4791-4794.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.5.3834-3839.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.8.6247-6252.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(89)82735-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.11.7570-7574.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.24.14445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.19.12495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.8.1373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81364-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5294.1924"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.32.19771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.7.5003-5011.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.3.1918-1924.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.4.2232-2239.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80110-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/382722a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5349.389"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5336.301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5336.298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/28419"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1995.tb00070.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.3.737"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T17:44:16Z","timestamp":1649871856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2373","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-11-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-12-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-03-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}