{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:04:22Z","timestamp":1791097462286,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Continuous axenic culture of\n                    <jats:italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been achieved. A culture vessel is used that allows for frequent medium exchange without disturbance of organisms that grow attached to a collagen-coated porous membrane. The growth medium is based on Minimal Essential Medium with Earle\u2019s salt supplemented with\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    -adenosyl-\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -methionine, putrescine, ferric pyrophosphate,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetyl glucosamine, putrescine,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    -aminobenzoic acid,\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -cysteine and\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -glutamine, and horse serum. Incubation is in room air at 31\u00b0C. The pH of the medium begins at 8.8 and rises to \u22489 as the cells grow. Doubling times calculated from growth curves obtained from cultures inoculated at moderate densities ranged from 35 to 65 hours. With a low-density inoculum, the doubling time is reduced to 19 hours. The morphology of cultured organisms in stained smears and in transmission electron micrographs is that of\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific mAbs label the cultured material. Cultured organisms are infective for immunosuppressed rats and can be stored frozen and used to reinitiate culture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:35:07Z","timestamp":1027679707000},"page":"2402-2407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Continuous axenic cultivation of\n                    <i>Pneumocystis carinii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Salim","family":"Merali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, New York, 10010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Frevert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, New York, 10010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan H.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, New York, 10010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, New York, 10010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, New York, 10010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Allen B.","family":"Clarkson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, New York, 10010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.5.995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503163321101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobson M. A. & French M. (1998) AIDS 12 Suppl. A S157\u2013S163.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(99)00220-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513920"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1993.tb04902.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.10.6.796-799.1979"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.6.1385-1394.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.6.1470"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.6.1659-1662.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.4.973"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.4.835"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.11.2545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.2.379"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(91)90332-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.11.2791-2800.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.7.1442"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.142.2.608-614.1980"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.9.1833"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.9.2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.5.1298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-4-614"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1996032183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1995.1385"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00932676"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-4900(05)80190-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.9.2467-2470.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"205S","volume":"38","author":"Dei-Cas E","year":"1991","unstructured":"E Dei-Cas, H Jackson, F Palluault, E M Aliouat, V Hancock, B Soulez, D Camus J Protozool 38, 205S\u2013207S (1991).","journal-title":"J Protozool"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2402","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T17:46:52Z","timestamp":1649872012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2402","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-10-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-01-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-03-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}