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These mice rejected a lethal challenge of B16 melanoma, indicating the immune response against TRP-1 could destroy both normal and malignant melanocytes. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for TRP-1 could not be detected in depigmented mice, but high titers of IgG anti-TRP-1 antibodies were present. Experiments with knockout mice revealed an absolute dependence on major histocompatibility complex class II, but not major histocompatibility complex class I, for the induction of both vitiligo and tumor protection. Together, these results suggest that the deliberate induction of self-reactivity using a recombinant viral vector can lead to tumor destruction, and that in this model, CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T lymphocytes are an integral part of this process. Vaccine strategies targeting tissue differentiation antigens may be valuable in cancers arising from nonessential cells and organs such as melanocytes, prostate, testis, breast, and ovary.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.6.2982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:39:15Z","timestamp":1027679955000},"page":"2982-2987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":275,"title":["Vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding a \u201cself\u201d antigen induces autoimmune vitiligo and tumor cell destruction in mice: Requirement for CD4\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Willem W.","family":"Overwijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, and Laboratory of Viral 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