{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:48:45Z","timestamp":1790275725341,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Domestic coal combustion has had profound adverse effects on the\n health of millions of people worldwide. In China alone several hundred\n million people commonly burn raw coal in unvented stoves that permeate\n their homes with high levels of toxic metals and organic compounds. At\n least 3,000 people in Guizhou Province in southwest China are suffering\n from severe arsenic poisoning. The primary source of the arsenic\n appears to be consumption of chili peppers dried over fires fueled with\n high-arsenic coal. Coal samples in the region were found to contain up\n to 35,000 ppm arsenic. Chili peppers dried over high-arsenic coal fires\n adsorb 500 ppm arsenic on average. More than 10 million people in\n Guizhou Province and surrounding areas suffer from dental and skeletal\n fluorosis. The excess fluorine is caused by eating corn dried over\n burning briquettes made from high-fluorine coals and high-fluorine clay\n binders. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed during coal combustion\n are believed to cause or contribute to the high incidence of esophageal\n and lung cancers in parts of China. Domestic coal combustion also has\n caused selenium poisoning and possibly mercury poisoning. Better\n knowledge of coal quality parameters may help to reduce some of these\n health problems. For example, information on concentrations and\n distributions of potentially toxic elements in coal may help delineate\n areas of a coal deposit to be avoided. Information on the modes of\n occurrence of these elements and the textural relations of the minerals\n and macerals in coal may help predict the behavior of the potentially\n toxic components during coal combustion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.3427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:39:15Z","timestamp":1027679955000},"page":"3427-3431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":253,"title":["Health impacts of domestic coal use in China"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Finkelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192; and\r Institute of Geochemistry, Guiyang, Guizhou Province,\r People\u2019s Republic of China 55002"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey E.","family":"Belkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192; and\r Institute of Geochemistry, Guiyang, Guizhou Province,\r People\u2019s Republic of China 55002"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoshan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 956, Reston, VA 20192; and\r Institute of Geochemistry, Guiyang, Guizhou Province,\r People\u2019s Republic of China 55002"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","volume-title":"Study of Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Electric Utility Steam-Generating Units","year":"1998","unstructured":"Study of Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Electric Utility Steam-Generating Units (Government Printing Office, Washington, DC EPA-453\/R-98-004A. 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