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Using specific fluorescence\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybridization probes, we show complex karyotypic abnormalities of the c\n                    <jats:italic>-myc<\/jats:italic>\n                    or L\n                    <jats:italic>-myc<\/jats:italic>\n                    locus in 19 of 20 MM cell lines and approximately 50% of advanced primary MM tumors. These abnormalities include unusual and complex translocations and insertions that often juxtapose\n                    <jats:italic>myc<\/jats:italic>\n                    with an IgH or IgL locus. For two advanced primary MM tumors, some tumor cells contain a karyotypic abnormality of the c\n                    <jats:italic>-myc<\/jats:italic>\n                    locus, whereas other tumor cells do not, indicating that this karyotypic abnormality of c\n                    <jats:italic>-myc<\/jats:italic>\n                    occurs as a late event. All informative MM cell lines show monoallelic expression of c\n                    <jats:italic>-myc<\/jats:italic>\n                    . For Burkitt's lymphoma and mouse plasmacytoma tumors, balanced translocation that juxtaposes c\n                    <jats:italic>-myc<\/jats:italic>\n                    with one of the Ig loci is an early, invariant event that is mediated by B cell-specific DNA modification mechanisms. By contrast, for MM, dysregulation of c\n                    <jats:italic>-myc<\/jats:italic>\n                    apparently is caused principally by complex genomic rearrangements that occur during late stages of MM progression and do not involve B cell-specific DNA modification mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.1.228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:38:21Z","timestamp":1027679901000},"page":"228-233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":302,"title":["Diverse karyotypic abnormalities of the c\n                    <i>-myc<\/i>\n                    locus associated with c\n                    <i>-myc<\/i>\n                    dysregulation and tumor progression in multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Yaping","family":"Shou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Naval Hospital, Building 8, Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105; Cytogenetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 970 Hilton Building, Rochester, MN 55905; and Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, Room C606, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Martelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Naval Hospital, Building 8, Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105; Cytogenetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 970 Hilton Building, Rochester, MN 55905; and Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, Room C606, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gabrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Naval Hospital, Building 8, Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105; Cytogenetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 970 Hilton Building, Rochester, MN 55905; and Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, Room C606, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Naval Hospital, Building 8, Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105; Cytogenetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 970 Hilton Building, Rochester, MN 55905; and Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, Room C606, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Brents","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Naval Hospital, Building 8, Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105; Cytogenetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 970 Hilton Building, Rochester, MN 55905; and Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, Room C606, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Roschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Naval Hospital, Building 8, Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105; Cytogenetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 970 Hilton Building, Rochester, MN 55905; and Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, Room C606, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Dewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Naval Hospital, Building 8, Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105; Cytogenetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 970 Hilton Building, Rochester, MN 55905; and Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, Room C606, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan R.","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Department, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Naval Hospital, Building 8, Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105; Cytogenetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 970 Hilton Building, Rochester, MN 55905; and Division of Hematology\/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, Room C606, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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