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During division, these cells frequently exhibit lagging chromosomes at both metaphase and anaphase, suggesting defects in the mitotic apparatus or kinetochore. Dicentric anaphase chromatin bridges and structurally altered chromosomes with consistent long arms and variable short arms, as well as the presence of gene amplification, suggested the occurrence of breakage\u2013fusion\u2013bridge cycles. Some anaphase bridges were observed to persist into telophase, resulting in chromosomal exclusion from the reforming nucleus and micronucleus formation. Multipolar spindles were found to various degrees in the oral squamous cell carcinoma lines. In the multipolar spindles, the poles demonstrated different levels of chromosomal capture and alignment, indicating functional differences between the poles. Some spindle poles showed premature splitting of centrosomal material, a precursor to full separation of the microtubule organizing centers. These results indicate that some of the chromosomal instability observed within these cancer cells might be the result of cytoskeletal defects and breakage\u2013fusion\u2013bridge cycles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.1.303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:38:21Z","timestamp":1027679901000},"page":"303-308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":188,"title":["Chromosomal instability and cytoskeletal defects in oral cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"William S.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15260; and Institute of Pathology, University-Hospital Charite, D-10098 Berlin, 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