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Using MEKK1-deficient embryonic stem cells prepared by gene targeting, we find that, in addition to its function in JNK activation by growth factors, MEKK1 is required for JNK activation by diverse proinflammatory stimuli, including tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, IL-1, double-stranded RNA, and lipopolysaccharide. MEKK1 is also essential for induction of embryonic stem cell migration by serum factors, but is not required for activation of other MAPKs or the I\u03baB kinase signaling cascade.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.10.5243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:41:48Z","timestamp":1027680108000},"page":"5243-5248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":238,"title":["MEK kinase 1 is critically required for c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation by proinflammatory stimuli and growth factor-induced cell migration"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M. D. 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