{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:45:17Z","timestamp":1792061117456,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>sqv<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>squashed vulva<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) genes comprise a\n set of eight independent loci in\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis\n elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    required zygotically for the invagination of vulval\n epithelial cells and maternally for normal oocyte formation and\n embryogenesis. Sequencing of\n                    <jats:italic>sqv-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>sqv-7<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>sqv-8<\/jats:italic>\n                    suggested a role for the\n encoded proteins in glycolipid or glycoprotein biosynthesis. Using a\n combination of\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    analysis of SQV enzymatic\n activities,\n                    <jats:italic>sqv<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>\n                    mediated\n rescue of vertebrate cell lines, and biochemical characterization of\n                    <jats:italic>sqv<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants, we show that\n                    <jats:italic>sqv-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>-7<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>-8<\/jats:italic>\n                    all affect the biosynthesis of\n glycosaminoglycans and therefore compromise the\n function of one specific class of glycoconjugates, proteoglycans. These\n findings establish the importance of proteoglycans and their associated\n glycosaminoglycans in epithelial morphogenesis and\n patterning during\n                    <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.20.10838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:41:48Z","timestamp":1027680108000},"page":"10838-10843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["<i>sqv-3<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>-7<\/i>\n                    , and -\n                    <i>8<\/i>\n                    , a set of genes affecting morphogenesis in\n                    <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>\n                    , encode enzymes required for glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Dorota A.","family":"Bulik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston\r University, Boston, MA 02118; Department of Cellular and\r Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center,\r University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and\r Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University\r of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston\r University, Boston, MA 02118; Department of Cellular and\r Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center,\r University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and\r Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University\r of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenao","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston\r University, Boston, MA 02118; Department of Cellular and\r Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center,\r University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and\r Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University\r of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Kinoshita-Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston\r University, Boston, MA 02118; Department of Cellular and\r Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center,\r University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and\r Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University\r of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Ross","family":"Waldrip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston\r University, Boston, MA 02118; Department of Cellular and\r Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center,\r University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and\r Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University\r of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Esko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston\r University, Boston, MA 02118; Department of Cellular and\r Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center,\r University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and\r Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University\r of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillips W.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston\r University, Boston, MA 02118; Department of Cellular and\r Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center,\r University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and\r Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University\r of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott B.","family":"Selleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston\r University, Boston, MA 02118; Department of Cellular and\r Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center,\r University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and\r Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University\r of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.3.974"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.14.8268"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.1.288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.3.968"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-1006-8_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.33.22915"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.37.26165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.41.28841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.12.7857"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.12.6615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.12.6093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.24.17115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)93899-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"469","volume-title":"Essentials of Glycobiology","author":"Esko J","year":"1999","unstructured":"J Esko Essentials of Glycobiology, eds A Varki, R Cummings, J Esko, H Freeze, G Hart, J Marth (Cold Spring Harbor Lab. 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