{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:09:17Z","timestamp":1781104157325,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The homeobox factor PDX-1 is a key regulator of pancreatic\n morphogenesis and glucose homeostasis; targeted disruption of the PDX-1\n gene leads to pancreatic agenesis in\n                    <jats:italic>pdx-1(\u2212\/\u2212)<\/jats:italic>\n                    homozygotes.\n                    <jats:italic>Pdx-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    heterozygotes develop normally, but\n they display glucose intolerance in adulthood. Like certain other\n homeobox proteins, PDX-1 contains a consensus FPWMK motif that promotes\n heterodimer formation with the ubiquitous homeodomain protein PBX. To\n evaluate the importance of PDX-1:PBX complexes in pancreatic\n morphogenesis and glucose homeostasis, we expressed either wild-type or\n PBX interaction defective PDX-1 transgenes under control of the PDX-1\n promoter. Both wild-type and mutant PDX-1 transgenes corrected glucose\n intolerance in\n                    <jats:italic>pdx-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    heterozygotes. The wild-type PDX-1\n transgene rescued the development of all pancreatic lineages in\n                    <jats:italic>pdx-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) animals, and these mice\n survived to adulthood. In contrast, pancreata from\n                    <jats:italic>pdx-1(\u2212\/\u2212)<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice expressing the mutant PDX-1\n transgene were hypoplastic, and these mice died within 3 weeks of birth\n from pancreatic insufficiency. All pancreatic cell types were observed\n in\n                    <jats:italic>pdx-1(\u2212\/\u2212)<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice expressing the mutant PDX-1\n transgene; but the islets were smaller, and increased numbers of islet\n hormone-positive cells were noted within the ductal epithelium. These\n results indicate that PDX-1:PBX complexes are dispensable for glucose\n homeostasis and for differentiation of stem cells into ductal,\n endocrine, and acinar lineages; but they are essential for expansion of\n these populations during development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.3.1065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,26]],"date-time":"2012-07-26T19:06:14Z","timestamp":1343329574000},"page":"1065-1070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["PDX:PBX complexes are required for normal proliferation of pancreatic cells during development"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Sanjoy","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clayton Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute,\r 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037; Joslin\r Diabetes Center, Research Division, Boston, MA 02215;\r Vanderbilt University Medical School, Department of Cell\r Biology, Nashville, TN 37232-2175; and Laboratoire de\r Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique,\r Institut de Chimie, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, B-4000,\r Sart-Tilman, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Gannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clayton Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute,\r 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037; Joslin\r Diabetes Center, Research Division, Boston, MA 02215;\r Vanderbilt University Medical School, Department of Cell\r Biology, Nashville, TN 37232-2175; and Laboratoire de\r Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique,\r Institut de Chimie, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, B-4000,\r Sart-Tilman, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Peers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clayton Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute,\r 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037; Joslin\r Diabetes Center, Research Division, Boston, MA 02215;\r Vanderbilt University Medical School, Department of Cell\r Biology, Nashville, TN 37232-2175; and Laboratoire de\r Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique,\r Institut de Chimie, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, B-4000,\r Sart-Tilman, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clayton Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute,\r 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037; Joslin\r Diabetes Center, Research Division, Boston, MA 02215;\r Vanderbilt University Medical School, Department of Cell\r Biology, Nashville, TN 37232-2175; and Laboratoire de\r Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique,\r Institut de Chimie, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, B-4000,\r Sart-Tilman, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Bonner-Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clayton Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute,\r 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037; Joslin\r Diabetes Center, Research Division, Boston, MA 02215;\r Vanderbilt University Medical School, Department of Cell\r Biology, Nashville, TN 37232-2175; and Laboratoire de\r Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique,\r Institut de Chimie, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, B-4000,\r Sart-Tilman, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Montminy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clayton Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute,\r 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037; Joslin\r Diabetes Center, Research Division, Boston, MA 02215;\r Vanderbilt University Medical School, Department of Cell\r Biology, Nashville, TN 37232-2175; and Laboratoire de\r Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de G\u00e9nie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique,\r Institut de Chimie, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, B-4000,\r Sart-Tilman, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.3.983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/371606a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0197-106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/33311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.12.1763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1097-138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06363.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"1275","volume":"7","author":"Leonard J","year":"1993","unstructured":"J 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