{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T12:19:13Z","timestamp":1790943553303,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ever since monoclonal antibodies were produced in 1975 with mouse\n myeloma cells there has been interest in developing human myeloma\n cultures for the production of monoclonal antibodies. However, despite\n multiple attempts, no human myeloma line suitable for hybridoma\n production has been described. Here we report the derivation of a\n hypoxanthine\u2013aminopterin\u2013thymidine-sensitive and ouabain-resistant\n human myeloma cell line (Karpas 707H) that contains unique genetic\n markers. We show that this line is useful for the generation of stable\n human hybridomas. It can easily be fused with ouabain-sensitive\n Epstein\u2013Barr virus-transformed cells as well as with fresh tonsil\n and blood lymphocytes, giving rise to stable hybrids that continuously\n secrete very large quantities of human immunoglobulins. The derived\n hybrids do not lose immunoglobulin secretion over many months of\n continuous growth. The availability of this cell line should enable the\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    immortalization of human antibody-producing B\n cells that are formed\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The monoclonal antibodies\n produced may have advantages in immunotherapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.4.1799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:36:44Z","timestamp":1027679804000},"page":"1799-1804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["A human myeloma cell line suitable for the generation of human monoclonal antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Abraham","family":"Karpas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Cambridge University, Medical Research\r Council Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, United Kingdom; and\r Cytogenetics Department, King's College Hospital, The\r Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alla","family":"Dremucheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Cambridge University, Medical Research\r Council Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, United Kingdom; and\r Cytogenetics Department, King's College Hospital, The\r Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara H.","family":"Czepulkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Cambridge University, Medical Research\r Council Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, United Kingdom; and\r Cytogenetics Department, King's College Hospital, The\r Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/244042a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/256495a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"98","volume":"5","author":"Gustafsson B","year":"1994","unstructured":"B Gustafsson, J Hinkula Hum Antibod Hybridomas 5, 98\u2013104 (1994).","journal-title":"Hum Antibod Hybridomas"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/02724570050031185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910070303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(86)21014-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7079750"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)91933-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(81)73054-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92934-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Human Cytogenetics: A Practical Approach","author":"Czepulkowski B H","year":"1992","unstructured":"B H Czepulkowski, B Bhatt, D E Rooney Human Cytogenetics: A Practical Approach, eds D E Rooney, B Czepulkowski (IRL, Oxford) 2, 1\u201325 (1992)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","volume-title":"Ultrastructure of Hemic Cells","author":"Cawley J C","year":"1973","unstructured":"J C Cawley, F G J Hayhoe Ultrastructure of Hemic Cells (Saunders, Philadelphia, 1973)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91877-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"457","volume":"1","author":"Karpas A","year":"1983","unstructured":"A Karpas Mol Biol Med 1, 457\u2013459 (1983).","journal-title":"Mol Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6189183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/349293a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.002245"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(96)10025-6"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.98.4.1799","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T17:40:04Z","timestamp":1649871604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.98.4.1799"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,13]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.98.4.1799"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.98.4.1799","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-10-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-12-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-02-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}