{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:49:46Z","timestamp":1781102986340,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"25","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Vertebrate cells contain a large number of small nucleolar RNA\n (snoRNA) species, the vast majority of which bind fibrillarin. Most of\n the fibrillarin-associated snoRNAs can form 10- to 21-nt duplexes with\n rRNA and are thought to guide 2\u2032-\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    -methylation of\n selected nucleotides in rRNA. These include mammalian UHG (U22 host\n gene)-encoded U25\u2013U31 snoRNAs. We have characterized two novel human\n snoRNA species, U62 and U63, which similarly exhibit 15- (with one\n interruption) and 12-nt complementarities and are therefore predicted\n to direct 2\u2032-\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    -methylation of A590 in 18S and A4531 in\n 28S rRNA, respectively. To establish the function of antisense snoRNAs\n in vertebrates, we exploited the\n                    <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    oocyte system.\n Cloning of the\n                    <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    U25\u2013U31 snoRNA genes indicated\n that they are encoded within multiple homologs of mammalian UHG.\n Depletion of U25 from the\n                    <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    oocyte abolished\n 2\u2032-\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    -methylation of G1448 in 18S rRNA; methylation could\n be restored by injecting either the\n                    <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    or human U25\n transcript into U25-depleted oocytes. Comparison of\n                    <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and human U25 sequences revealed that only boxes\n C, D, and D\u2032, as well as the 18S rRNA complement, were invariant,\n suggesting that they may be the only elements required for U25 snoRNA\n stability and function.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:43:20Z","timestamp":1027680200000},"page":"14480-14485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["A small nucleolar RNA requirement for site-specific ribose methylation of rRNA in\u2009\n                    <i>Xenopus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Kazimierz T.","family":"Tycowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes\r Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT\r 06536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes\r Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT\r 06536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Di","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes\r Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT\r 06536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan A.","family":"Steitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes\r Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT\r 06536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cell Biology Monographs","author":"Hadjiolov A A","year":"1985","unstructured":"A A Hadjiolov Cell Biology Monographs, eds M Alfert, W Beermann, L Goldstein, K R Porter, P Sitte (Springer, Vienna) 12, 1\u2013268 (1985)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6603(08)60629-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.58.4.1527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1500335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00631a031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90120-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11362.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8266080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07984.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06612.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81308-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.64.070195.004341"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1768-322X.1985.tb00387.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90338-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb05001.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90651-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.19.2433"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7985025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)89039-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/379464a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1996.0391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08463.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(80)65011-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/4.8.2527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"3350","volume":"9","author":"Black D L","year":"1989","unstructured":"D L Black, A L Pinto Mol Cell Biol 9, 3350\u20133359 (1989).","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81057-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05954.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/15.13.5181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"5766","volume":"14","author":"Nicoloso M","year":"1994","unstructured":"M Nicoloso, M Caizergues-Ferrer, B Michot, M C Azum, J-P Bachellerie Mol Cell Biol 14, 5766\u20135776 (1994).","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(86)90498-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(88)90139-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5278.1056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"4456","volume":"12","author":"Huang G M","year":"1992","unstructured":"G M Huang, A Jarmolowski, J C R Struck, M J Fournier Mol Cell Biol 12, 4456\u20134463 (1992).","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00450.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"324","volume":"2","author":"Dunbar D A","year":"1996","unstructured":"D A Dunbar, V C Ware, S M Baserga RNA 2, 324\u2013333 (1996).","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"1011","volume":"2","author":"Green R","year":"1996","unstructured":"R Green, H F Noller RNA 2, 1011\u20131021 (1996).","journal-title":"RNA"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14480","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T14:29:56Z","timestamp":1649860196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14480","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-10-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-12-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}