{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:26:56Z","timestamp":1772782016484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The genome of the broad host range\n            <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n            temperate phage, \u03c6C31, is known to integrate into the host chromosome via an enzyme that is a member of the resolvase\/invertase family of site-specific recombinases. The recombination properties of this novel integrase on the phage and\n            <jats:italic>Streptomyces ambofaciens<\/jats:italic>\n            attachment sites,\n            <jats:italic>attP<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>attB<\/jats:italic>\n            , respectively, were investigated in the heterologous host,\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            , and in an\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            assay by using purified integrase. The products of\n            <jats:italic>attP\/B<\/jats:italic>\n            recombination, i.e.,\n            <jats:italic>attL<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>attR<\/jats:italic>\n            , were identical to those obtained after integration of the prophage in\n            <jats:italic>S. ambofaciens.<\/jats:italic>\n            In the\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            assay only buffer, purified integrase, and DNAs encoding\n            <jats:italic>attP<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>attB<\/jats:italic>\n            were required. Recombination occurred irrespective of whether the substrates were supercoiled or linear. A mutant integrase containing an S12F mutation was completely defective in recombination both in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . No recombination was observed between\n            <jats:italic>attB\/attB<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>attP\/attP, attL\/R<\/jats:italic>\n            , or any combination of\n            <jats:italic>attB<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>attP<\/jats:italic>\n            with\n            <jats:italic>attL<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>attR<\/jats:italic>\n            , suggesting that excision of the prophage (\n            <jats:italic>attL\/R<\/jats:italic>\n            recombination) requires an additional phage- or\n            <jats:italic>Streptomyces-<\/jats:italic>\n            encoded factor. Recombination could occur intramolecularly to cause deletion between appropriately orientated\n            <jats:italic>attP<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>attB<\/jats:italic>\n            sites. The results show that directionality in \u03c6C31 integrase is strictly controlled by nonidentical recombination sites with no requirement to form the topologically defined structures that are more typical of the resolvases\/invertases.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.10.5505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:31:44Z","timestamp":1027693904000},"page":"5505-5510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":383,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>\n            site-specific integration of bacteriophage DNA catalyzed by a recombinase of the resolvase\/invertase family"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Helena M.","family":"Thorpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Margaret C. 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