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To find the location and extent of the functional disruption in neural systems that underlies this impairment, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain activation patterns in dyslexic and nonimpaired subjects as they performed tasks that made progressively greater demands on phonologic analysis. Brain activation patterns differed significantly between the groups with dyslexic readers showing relative underactivation in posterior regions (Wernicke\u2019s area, the angular gyrus, and striate cortex) and relative overactivation in an anterior region (inferior frontal gyrus). These results support a conclusion that the impairment in dyslexia is phonologic in nature and that these brain activation patterns may provide a neural signature for this impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.5.2636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:42:40Z","timestamp":1027694560000},"page":"2636-2641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":633,"title":["Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in\u2009dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Sally E.","family":"Shaywitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Haskins Laboratories, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Applied Physics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bennett A.","family":"Shaywitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Haskins Laboratories, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Applied Physics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth R.","family":"Pugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Haskins Laboratories, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Applied Physics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert K.","family":"Fulbright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Haskins Laboratories, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Applied Physics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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