{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:41:43Z","timestamp":1777635703760,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cattle domestication from wild aurochsen was among the most important innovations during the Neolithic agricultural revolution. The available genetic and archaeological evidence points to at least two major sites of domestication in India and in the Near East, where zebu and the taurine breeds would have emerged independently. Under this hypothesis, all present-day European breeds would be descended from cattle domesticated in the Near East and subsequently spread during the diffusion of herding and farming lifestyles. We present here previously undescribed genetic evidence in contrast with this view, based on mtDNA sequences from five Italian aurochsen dated between 7,000 and 17,000 years B.P. and &gt;1,000 modern cattle from 51 breeds. Our data are compatible with local domestication events in Europe and support at least some levels of introgression from the aurochs in Italy. The distribution of genetic variation in modern cattle suggest also that different south European breeds were affected by introductions from northern Africa. If so, the European cattle may represent a more variable and valuable genetic resource than previously realized, and previous simple hypotheses regarding the domestication process and the diffusion of selected breeds should be revised.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509210103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,12]],"date-time":"2006-05-12T07:56:21Z","timestamp":1147420581000},"page":"8113-8118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":262,"title":["The origin of European cattle: Evidence from modern and ancient DNA"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Albano","family":"Beja-Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos (CIBIO-UP) and Sec\u00e7\u00e3o Aut\u00f3noma de Engenharia de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal;"},{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie Alpine\u2013G\u00e9nomique des Populations et Biodiversit\u00e9, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5553, Universit\u00e9 Joseph Fourier, B.P. 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France;"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Caramelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica, Laboratorio di Antropologia, Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, Via del Proconsolo, 12-50122 Firenze, Italy;"}]},{"given":"Carles","family":"Lalueza-Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3 Antropologia, Departament Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. 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