{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T21:25:44Z","timestamp":1764019544414},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"33","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The Ch\u00e2telperronian is a Neandertal-associated archeological culture featuring ornaments and decorated bone tools. It is often suggested that such symbolic items do not imply that Neandertals had modern cognition and stand instead for influences received from coeval, nearby early modern humans represented by the Aurignacian culture, whose precocity would be proven by stratigraphy and radiocarbon dates. The Grotte des F\u00e9es at Ch\u00e2telperron (France) is the remaining case of such a potential Ch\u00e2telperronian\u2013Aurignacian contemporaneity, but reanalysis shows that its stratification is poor and unclear, the bone assemblage is carnivore-accumulated, the putative interstratified Aurignacian lens in level B4 is made up for the most part of Ch\u00e2telperronian material, the upper part of the sequence is entirely disturbed, and the few Aurignacian items in levels B4-5 represent isolated intrusions into otherwise\n            <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n            Ch\u00e2telperronian deposits. As elsewhere in southwestern Europe, this evidence confirms that the Aurignacian postdates the Ch\u00e2telperronian and that the latter\u2019s cultural innovations are better explained as the Neandertals\u2019 independent development of behavioral modernity.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605128103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,8]],"date-time":"2006-08-08T00:40:20Z","timestamp":1154997620000},"page":"12643-12648","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Analysis of Aurignacian interstratification at the Ch\u00e2telperronian-type site and implications for the behavioral modernity of Neandertals"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Zilh\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, United Kingdom;"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"d\u2019Errico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Pr\u00e9histoire et de G\u00e9ologie du Quaternaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5199, Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, 33405 Talence, France; and"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, 2110 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20052"}]},{"given":"Jean-Guillaume","family":"Bordes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Pr\u00e9histoire et de G\u00e9ologie du Quaternaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5199, Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, 33405 Talence, France; and"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Lenoble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Pr\u00e9histoire et de G\u00e9ologie du Quaternaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5199, Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, 33405 Talence, France; and"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Texier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Pr\u00e9histoire et de G\u00e9ologie du Quaternaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5199, Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, 33405 Talence, France; and"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Rigaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Pr\u00e9histoire et de G\u00e9ologie du Quaternaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5199, Avenue des Facult\u00e9s, 33405 Talence, France; and"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/204689"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2000.0435"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1082025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095905"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","volume-title":"In Search of the Neanderthals","author":"Stringer C.","year":"1993","unstructured":"C. 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