{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T22:00:06Z","timestamp":1776808806089,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"48","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The identification of key populations shaping the structure and connectivity of metapopulation systems is a major challenge in population ecology. The use of molecular markers in the theoretical framework of population genetics has allowed great advances in this field, but the prime question of quantifying the role of each population in the system remains unresolved. Furthermore, the use and interpretation of classical methods are still bounded by the need for a priori information and underlying assumptions that are seldom respected in natural systems. Network theory was applied to map the genetic structure in a metapopulation system by using microsatellite data from populations of a threatened seagrass,\n            <jats:italic>Posidonia oceanica<\/jats:italic>\n            , across its whole geographical range. The network approach, free from a priori assumptions and from the usual underlying hypotheses required for the interpretation of classical analyses, allows both the straightforward characterization of hierarchical population structure and the detection of populations acting as hubs critical for relaying gene flow or sustaining the metapopulation system. This development opens perspectives in ecology and evolution in general, particularly in areas such as conservation biology and epidemiology, where targeting specific populations is crucial.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805571105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,21]],"date-time":"2008-11-21T02:06:31Z","timestamp":1227233191000},"page":"18824-18829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Network analysis identifies weak and strong links in a metapopulation system"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Alejandro F.","family":"Rozenfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas\u2013Universidad de las Islas Baleares), C\/Miquel Marqu\u00e9s 21, 07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain;"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Arnaud-Haond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar do Algarve, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental\u2013Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;"},{"name":"Institut Fran\u00e7ais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Centre de Brest, BP70, 29280 Plouzan\u00e9, France"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas\u2013Universidad de las Islas Baleares), Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor M.","family":"Egu\u00edluz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas\u2013Universidad de las Islas Baleares), Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; and"}]},{"given":"Ester A.","family":"Serr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar do Algarve, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental\u2013Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas\u2013Universidad de las Islas Baleares), C\/Miquel Marqu\u00e9s 21, 07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain;"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.010317"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1367943004001507"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1540-9295(2004)002[0098:UMOMTD]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.27468"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"The Causes of Evolution","author":"Haldane J","year":"1932","unstructured":"J Haldane The Causes of Evolution (Longmans Green, London, UK, 1932)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/16.2.97"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/28.2.114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35019019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200327197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35065725"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/210318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706568104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2001)082[1205:LCAGTP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2004.02177.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2007.0230"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.84.2758"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","volume-title":"Seagrass Ecology","author":"Hemminga MA","year":"2001","unstructured":"MA Hemminga, CM Duarte Seagrass Ecology (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK, 2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-005-0127-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2006.01671.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquabot.2008.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.15.6723"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.89.208701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/30918"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esi043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2006.01522.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","volume-title":"Introduction to Percolation Theory","author":"Stauffer D","year":"1994","unstructured":"D Stauffer, A Aharony Introduction to Percolation Theory (Taylor & Francis, London, 1994)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/05-0860"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.71.036127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.68.036112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.67.026126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.87.258701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.65.066130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","article-title":"Statistical properties of sampled networks","volume":"73","author":"Lee SH","year":"2006","unstructured":"SH Lee, PJ Kim, H Jeong, Statistical properties of sampled networks. 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