{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T11:03:13Z","timestamp":1773658993197,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Enzymes that hydrolyze complex carbohydrates play important roles in numerous biological processes that result in the maintenance of marine and terrestrial life. These enzymes often contain noncatalytic carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) that have important substrate-targeting functions. In general, there is a tight correlation between the ligands recognized by bacterial CBMs and the substrate specificity of the appended catalytic modules. Through high-resolution structural studies, we demonstrate that the architecture of the ligand binding sites of 4 distinct family 35 CBMs (CBM35s), appended to 3 plant cell wall hydrolases and the\n            <jats:italic>exo<\/jats:italic>\n            -\u03b2-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glucosaminidase CsxA, which contributes to the detoxification and metabolism of an antibacterial fungal polysaccharide, is highly conserved and imparts specificity for glucuronic acid and\/or \u03944,5-anhydrogalaturonic acid (\u03944,5-GalA). \u03944,5-GalA is released from pectin by the action of pectate lyases and as such acts as a signature molecule for plant cell wall degradation. Thus, the CBM35s appended to the 3 plant cell wall hydrolases, rather than targeting the substrates of the cognate catalytic modules, direct their appended enzymes to regions of the plant that are being actively degraded. Significantly, the CBM35 component of CsxA anchors the enzyme to the bacterial cell wall via its capacity to bind uronic acid sugars. This latter observation reveals an unusual mechanism for bacterial cell wall enzyme attachment. This report shows that the biological role of CBM35s is not dictated solely by their carbohydrate specificities but also by the context of their target ligands.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808972106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,14]],"date-time":"2009-02-14T12:46:39Z","timestamp":1234615599000},"page":"3065-3070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Evidence that family 35 carbohydrate binding modules display conserved specificity but divergent function"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Cedric","family":"Montanier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom;"}]},{"given":"Alicia Lammerts","family":"van Bueren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6;"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Dumon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom;"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Flint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom;"}]},{"given":"Marcia A.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Jose A.","family":"Prates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Susan J.","family":"Firbank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom;"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom;"}]},{"given":"Gilles G.","family":"Grondin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'\u00c9tude et de Valorisation de la Diversit\u00e9 Microbienne, D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1;"}]},{"given":"Mariana G.","family":"Ghinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'\u00c9tude et de Valorisation de la Diversit\u00e9 Microbienne, D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1;"}]},{"given":"Tracey M.","family":"Gloster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom;"}]},{"given":"Cecile","family":"Herve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and"}]},{"given":"J. Paul","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'\u00c9tude et de Valorisation de la Diversit\u00e9 Microbienne, D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1;"}]},{"given":"Johan P.","family":"Turkenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom;"}]},{"given":"Janne","family":"Kerovuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Verenium Corporation, 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121"}]},{"given":"Ryszard","family":"Brzezinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'\u00c9tude et de Valorisation de la Diversit\u00e9 Microbienne, D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1;"}]},{"given":"Carlos M. G. A.","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Gideon J.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom;"}]},{"given":"Alisdair B.","family":"Boraston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6;"}]},{"given":"Harry J.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom;"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20040892"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209554200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3090749"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13736.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1992.tb01830.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114736"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M607620200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1187"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00003-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100686200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20051436"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4838(91)90025-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313317200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109142200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M410113200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411838200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2720369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(68)90138-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.106.049320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)96054-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)61383-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)68895-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00609-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-8-60"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010667012056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2940349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500051102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508887103"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0808972106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T22:19:51Z","timestamp":1649801991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0808972106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0808972106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0808972106","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-09-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-03-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}