{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T20:42:50Z","timestamp":1762375370505},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"supplement_2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ecological niches evolve through time, but at different rates and to different degrees. An integrated approach using diverse databases, methods, and analytical tools is used to estimate climate envelopes for species of salamanders (family Salamandridae). These species, which range widely across the Holarctic and have a rich and long fossil record, are used to probe the evolutionary dynamics of niches studied in a phylogenetic context through time and across space. Climate data and statistical methods are used to estimate niche dimensions related to precipitation and temperature, in both a phylogenetic and ecogeographic context. Using phylogenetic methods, climate envelopes are estimated for segments of a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree of salamandrids, to explore how far back in time it is reasonable to make such estimates. Our research strategy illuminates some of the challenges and limitations of the available data and methods and identifies potential solutions, such as the need for physiological and behavioral data that may help to better define species' niches or the development of novel evolutionary models that account for paleoclimatic data. We explore and analyze limits to the application of currently available methodologies. Organisms known to have evolved slowly and conservatively, and which are ectotherms and likely to be profoundly affected by climatic variables, may be the most useful for studies of this kind.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902956106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,4]],"date-time":"2009-11-04T05:29:58Z","timestamp":1257312598000},"page":"19715-19722","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Reconstruction of the climate envelopes of salamanders and their evolution through time"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"David R.","family":"Vieites","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, C\/ Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain;"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Nieto-Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, C\/ Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain;"},{"name":"Departamento de Ecolox\u00eda e Biolox\u00eda Animal, Grupo de Ecolox\u00eda Evolutiva, Escola Universitaria de Enxe\u00f1er\u00eda T\u00e9cnica Forestal, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain; and"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Wake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1276"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2006.0906-7590.04596.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2008.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705056104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01893.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(83)90335-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3417\/0026-6493(2006)93[8:PWSPAP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2006.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/44766"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02605.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2009.00476.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/03-0820"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01277.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2007.01210.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00461.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Gymnophiona, Caudata. 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