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Here, we prepared calcium phosphate ceramics with varying physicochemical and structural characteristics. Microporosity correlated to their propensity to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro and bone induction in vivo. Implantation in a large bone defect in sheep unequivocally demonstrated that osteoinductive ceramics are equally efficient in bone repair as autologous bone grafts. Our results provide proof of concept for the clinical application of \u201csmart\u201d biomaterials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003600107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,20]],"date-time":"2010-07-20T04:50:30Z","timestamp":1279601430000},"page":"13614-13619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":640,"title":["Osteoinductive ceramics as a synthetic alternative to autologous bone grafting"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Huipin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Progentix Orthobiology BV, Professor Bronkhorstlaan 10-D, 3723 MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands;"},{"name":"MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands;"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands;"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Habibovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands;"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands;"}]},{"given":"Ana M. C.","family":"Barradas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands;"}]},{"given":"Ad","family":"de Ruiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia; and"}]},{"given":"Clemens A.","family":"van Blitterswijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands;"}]},{"given":"Joost D.","family":"de Bruijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Progentix Orthobiology BV, Professor Bronkhorstlaan 10-D, 3723 MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands;"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5317.1425"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(04)00075-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/273345a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3698.893"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196807000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jab.770020307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0282-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(08)70005-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-009-0908-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta11300"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/223088a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr800427g"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5411.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35102181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2009.0341"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711190105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1295-1322"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200002010-00020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200210000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199907000-00030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200202000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(92)90054-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(94)90193-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","first-page":"335","article-title":"Sintered porous hydroxyapatites with intrinsic osteoinductive activity: Geometric induction of bone formation","volume":"95","author":"Ripamonti U","year":"1999","unstructured":"U Ripamonti, J Crooks, AN Kirkbride, Sintered porous hydroxyapatites with intrinsic osteoinductive activity: Geometric induction of bone formation. 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