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We used a series of independent analytical techniques to map in detail the development of different networks in 70 infants born between 29 and 43 wk of postmenstrual age (PMA). We characterized and charted the development of RSNs from recognizable but often fragmentary elements at 30 wk of PMA to full facsimiles of adult patterns at term. Visual, auditory, somatosensory, motor, default mode, frontoparietal, and executive control networks developed at different rates; however, by term, complete networks were present, several of which were integrated with thalamic activity. These results place the emergence of RSNs largely during the period of rapid neural growth in the third trimester of gestation, suggesting that they are formed before the acquisition of cognitive competencies in later childhood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007921107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,2]],"date-time":"2010-11-02T05:22:00Z","timestamp":1288675320000},"page":"20015-20020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":528,"title":["Emergence of resting state networks in the preterm human brain"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Doria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Sciences and"}]},{"given":"Christian F.","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, Imperial College London, and Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom;"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Arichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Sciences and"}]},{"given":"Nazakat","family":"Merchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Sciences and"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Groppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Sciences and"}]},{"given":"Federico E.","family":"Turkheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience, Imperial College London, and Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom;"}]},{"given":"Serena J.","family":"Counsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Sciences and"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Murgasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visual Information Processing Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Aljabar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visual Information Processing Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom;"}]},{"given":"Rita G.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Sciences and"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Larkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Sciences and"}]},{"given":"Geraint","family":"Rees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London WC1N 3AR, United Kingdom; and"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at UCL, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"A. 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