{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T17:53:55Z","timestamp":1769104435263,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Clostridium thermocellum<\/jats:italic>\n            is a well-characterized cellulose-degrading microorganism. The genome sequence of\n            <jats:italic>C. thermocellum<\/jats:italic>\n            encodes a number of proteins that contain type I dockerin domains, which implies that they are components of the cellulose-degrading apparatus, but display no significant sequence similarity to known plant cell wall\u2013degrading enzymes. Here, we report the biochemical properties and crystal structure of one of these proteins, designated\n            <jats:italic>Ct<\/jats:italic>\n            Cel124. The protein was shown to be an\n            <jats:italic>endo<\/jats:italic>\n            -acting cellulase that displays a single displacement mechanism and acts in synergy with Cel48S, the major cellulosomal\n            <jats:italic>exo<\/jats:italic>\n            -cellulase. The crystal structure of\n            <jats:italic>Ct<\/jats:italic>\n            Cel124 in complex with two cellotriose molecules, determined to 1.5\u00a0\u212b, displays a superhelical fold in which a constellation of \u03b1-helices encircle a central helix that houses the catalytic apparatus. The catalytic acid, Glu96, is located at the C-terminus of the central helix, but there is no candidate catalytic base. The substrate-binding cleft can be divided into two discrete topographical domains in which the bound cellotriose molecules display twisted and linear conformations, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme may target the interface between crystalline and disordered regions of cellulose.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015006108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,11]],"date-time":"2011-03-11T03:50:51Z","timestamp":1299815451000},"page":"5237-5242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Structural insights into a unique cellulase fold and mechanism of cellulose hydrolysis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Joana L. A.","family":"Br\u00e1s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, P\u00f3lo Universit\u00e1rio do Alto da Ajuda, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Cartmell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-4712;"}]},{"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rede de Qu\u00edmica e Tecnologia, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Genny","family":"Verz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rede de Qu\u00edmica e Tecnologia, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;"},{"name":"Biocrystallography Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;"}]},{"given":"Edward A.","family":"Bayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 Israel; and"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Vazana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 Israel; and"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia A. S.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, P\u00f3lo Universit\u00e1rio do Alto da Ajuda, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A. M.","family":"Prates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, P\u00f3lo Universit\u00e1rio do Alto da Ajuda, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Supriya","family":"Ratnaparkhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-4712;"}]},{"given":"Alisdair B.","family":"Boraston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Rom\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rede de Qu\u00edmica e Tecnologia, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Carlos M. G. A.","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, P\u00f3lo Universit\u00e1rio do Alto da Ajuda, Avenida da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Harry J.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-4712;"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2009.05.005","article-title":"Lignocellulose conversion to biofuels: Current challenges, global perspectives","volume":"20","author":"Himmel ME","year":"2009","unstructured":"ME Himmel, EA Bayer, Lignocellulose conversion to biofuels: Current challenges, global perspectives. 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