{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:19:45Z","timestamp":1766157585946},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"32","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The impact of climate change and anthropogenic deforestation on biodiversity is of growing concern worldwide. Disentangling how past anthropogenic and natural factors contributed to current biome distribution is thus a crucial issue to understand their complex interactions on wider time scales and to improve predictions and conservation strategies. This is particularly important in biodiversity hotspots, such as Madagascar, dominated by large open habitats whose origins are increasingly debated. Although a dominant narrative argues that Madagascar was originally entirely covered by woodlands, which were destroyed by humans, a number of recent studies have suggested that past climatic fluctuations played a major role in shaping current biome distributions well before humans arrived. Here, we address the question of the origin of open habitats in the Daraina region in northern Madagascar, using a multiproxy approach combining population genetics modeling and remote-sensing analyses. We show that (\n            <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n            ) contrary to most regions of Madagascar, the forest cover in Daraina remained remarkably stable over the past 60 y, and (\n            <jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>\n            ) the golden-crowned sifaka (\n            <jats:italic>Propithecus tattersalli<\/jats:italic>\n            ), a forest-dwelling lemur, underwent a strong population contraction before the arrival of the first humans, hence excluding an anthropogenic cause. Prehuman Holocene droughts may have led to a significant increase of grasslands and a reduction in the species\u2019 habitat. This contradicts the prevailing narrative that land cover changes are necessarily anthropogenic in Madagascar but does not preclude the later role played by humans in other regions in which recent lemur bottlenecks have been observed.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200153109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,24]],"date-time":"2012-07-24T04:48:19Z","timestamp":1343105299000},"page":"13028-13033","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Genetic data suggest a natural prehuman origin of open habitats in northern Madagascar and question the deforestation narrative in this region"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Erwan","family":"Qu\u00e9m\u00e9r\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique, and Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5174 EDB (Laboratoire \u00c9volution &amp; Diversit\u00e9 Biologique), F-31062 Toulouse, France;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5174 EDB (Laboratoire \u00c9volution &amp; Diversit\u00e9 Biologique), F-31062 Toulouse, France;"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche 035 CEFS (Comportement et \u00c9cologie de la Faune Sauvage), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France;"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Amelot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5185, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universit\u00e9 Bordeaux \u201cAm\u00e9nagement, D\u00e9veloppement Environnement, Sant\u00e9, et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s,\u201d 33607 Pessac Cedex, France; and"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Pierson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5185, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universit\u00e9 Bordeaux \u201cAm\u00e9nagement, D\u00e9veloppement Environnement, Sant\u00e9, et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s,\u201d 33607 Pessac Cedex, France; and"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Crouau-Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique, and Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5174 EDB (Laboratoire \u00c9volution &amp; Diversit\u00e9 Biologique), F-31062 Toulouse, France;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5174 EDB (Laboratoire \u00c9volution &amp; Diversit\u00e9 Biologique), F-31062 Toulouse, France;"}]},{"given":"Loun\u00e8s","family":"Chikhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universit\u00e9 Paul Sabatier, Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique, and Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5174 EDB (Laboratoire \u00c9volution &amp; Diversit\u00e9 Biologique), F-31062 Toulouse, France;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5174 EDB (Laboratoire \u00c9volution &amp; Diversit\u00e9 Biologique), F-31062 Toulouse, France;"},{"name":"Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5459.1770"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35002501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3008.2001.00201.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests","author":"Laurance W","year":"2006","unstructured":"W Laurance, C Peres Emerging Threats to Tropical Forests (Univ of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2006)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"IPPC","year":"2007","unstructured":"; IPPC Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK, 2007)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"193","volume-title":"The Natural History of Madagascar","author":"Ganzhorn J","year":"2003","unstructured":"J Ganzhorn, S Goodman, A Dehgan, Effects of forest fragmentation on small mammals and lemurs. 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