{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T04:13:22Z","timestamp":1776399202440,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We evaluated the response of the Earth land biomes to drought by correlating a drought index with three global indicators of vegetation activity and growth: vegetation indices from satellite imagery, tree-ring growth series, and Aboveground Net Primary Production (ANPP) records. Arid and humid biomes are both affected by drought, and we suggest that the persistence of the water deficit (i.e., the drought time-scale) could be playing a key role in determining the sensitivity of land biomes to drought. We found that arid biomes respond to drought at short time-scales; that is, there is a rapid vegetation reaction as soon as water deficits below normal conditions occur. This may be due to the fact that plant species of arid regions have mechanisms allowing them to rapidly adapt to changing water availability. Humid biomes also respond to drought at short time-scales, but in this case the physiological mechanisms likely differ from those operating in arid biomes, as plants usually have a poor adaptability to water shortage. On the contrary, semiarid and subhumid biomes respond to drought at long time-scales, probably because plants are able to withstand water deficits, but they lack the rapid response of arid biomes to drought. These results are consistent among three vegetation parameters analyzed and across different land biomes, showing that the response of vegetation to drought depends on characteristic drought time-scales for each biome. Understanding the dominant time-scales at which drought most influences vegetation might help assessing the resistance and resilience of vegetation and improving our knowledge of vegetation vulnerability to climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207068110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,18]],"date-time":"2012-12-18T05:24:36Z","timestamp":1355808276000},"page":"52-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1429,"title":["Response of vegetation to drought time-scales across global land biomes"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Sergio M.","family":"Vicente-Serrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog\u00eda, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Geofisica Universidad de Lisboa, Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas Julio","family":"Camarero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo\u2013Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog\u00eda, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Beguer\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Trigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Geofisica Universidad de Lisboa, Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharias, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; and"}]},{"given":"Juan I.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog\u00eda, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Azor\u00edn-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog\u00eda, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;"}]},{"given":"Edmond","family":"Pasho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog\u00eda, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Lorenzo-Lacruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog\u00eda, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Revuelto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog\u00eda, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Mor\u00e1n-Tejeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Pirenaico de Ecolog\u00eda, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Sanchez-Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1937336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5503.481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/02-0538"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GL042154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03972"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD016410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505734102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2009.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/FP02076"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2008.02436.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2011.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(03)00174-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901438106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology","author":"McKee TBN","year":"1993","unstructured":"TBN McKee, J Doesken, J Kleist, The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. 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