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We determined the genetic and phenotypic changes underlying adaptation upon experimental evolution of a\n            <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n            population under viral infection [\n            <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n            C virus (DCV)]. After 20 generations, selected flies showed increased survival upon infection with DCV and two other viruses. Using whole-genome sequencing and through RNAi, we identified and functionally validated three genes underlying the adaptive process and revealed their differential roles in the correlated responses observed.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400378111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]],"date-time":"2014-04-08T04:10:32Z","timestamp":1396930232000},"page":"5938-5943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Host adaptation to viruses relies on few genes with different cross-resistance properties"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Nelson E.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"V\u00edtor G.","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Populationsgenetik, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schl\u00f6tterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Populationsgenetik, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"\u00c9lio","family":"Sucena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal;"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; and"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; and"},{"name":"Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","volume-title":"Evolutionary Parasitology: The Integrated Study of Infections, Immunology, Ecology, and Genetics","author":"Schmid-Hempel P","year":"2011","unstructured":"P Schmid-Hempel Evolutionary Parasitology: The Integrated Study of Infections, Immunology, Ecology, and Genetics (Oxford Biology, Oxford, 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2012.06.001","article-title":"Experimental evolution","volume":"27","author":"Kawecki TJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"TJ Kawecki, et al., Experimental evolution. 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