{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T19:10:21Z","timestamp":1773256221130,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            In this paper, we report direct measurement of an influx of extracellular Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            induced by gamete fusion in flowering plants. This result was obtained during maize\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            fertilization with the use of an extracellular Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            -selective vibrating probe. Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            influx recorded at the surface of isolated egg cells, with or without adhesion of a male sperm cell, was close to zero and stable over time. Gamete fusion, however, triggered a Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            influx in the vicinity of the sperm entry site with a delay of 1.8 \u00b1 0.6 sec. The Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            influx spread subsequently through the whole egg cell plasma membrane as a wavefront, progressing at an estimated rate of 1.13 \u03bcm\u22c5sec\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            . Once established, Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            influx intensities were sustained, monotonic and homogeneous over the whole egg cell, with an average peak influx of 14.92 pmol\u22c5cm\n            <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n            \u22c5sec\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            and an average duration of 24.4 min. The wavefront spread of channel activation correlates well with the cytological modifications induced by fertilization, such as egg cell contraction, and with the cytosolic Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            (\n            <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n            [Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            ]) elevation previously reported. Calcium influx was inhibited effectively by gadolinium, possibly implicating mechanosensitive channels. Furthermore, artificial influxes created by incubation with Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            ionophores mimicked some aspects of egg activation. Taken together, these results suggest that, during fertilization in higher plants, gamete membrane fusion starts the first embryonic events by channel opening and Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            influx. In turn,\n            <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n            [Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            ] may work as a trigger and possibly a space and time coordinator of many aspects of egg activation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.180243697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:31:44Z","timestamp":1027693904000},"page":"10643-10648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["A calcium influx is triggered and propagates in the zygote as a wavefront during\n            <i>in vitro<\/i>\n            fertilization of flowering plants"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"A. F.","family":"Antoine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Reproduction et D\u00e9veloppement des Plantes, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5667 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure\/Universit\u00e9 de Lyon I, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Lyon, 46 All\u00e9e d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France Cedex 07; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia, PT-2780\u2013156 Oeiras, Portugal; and Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidad de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Ed.C2. PT-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J.-E.","family":"Faure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Reproduction et D\u00e9veloppement des Plantes, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5667 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure\/Universit\u00e9 de Lyon I, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Lyon, 46 All\u00e9e d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France Cedex 07; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia, PT-2780\u2013156 Oeiras, Portugal; and Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidad de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Ed.C2. PT-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Reproduction et D\u00e9veloppement des Plantes, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5667 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure\/Universit\u00e9 de Lyon I, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Lyon, 46 All\u00e9e d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France Cedex 07; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia, PT-2780\u2013156 Oeiras, Portugal; and Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidad de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Ed.C2. PT-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Dumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Reproduction et D\u00e9veloppement des Plantes, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5667 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure\/Universit\u00e9 de Lyon I, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Lyon, 46 All\u00e9e d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France Cedex 07; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia, PT-2780\u2013156 Oeiras, Portugal; and Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidad de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Ed.C2. PT-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rougier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Reproduction et D\u00e9veloppement des Plantes, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5667 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure\/Universit\u00e9 de Lyon I, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Lyon, 46 All\u00e9e d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France Cedex 07; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia, PT-2780\u2013156 Oeiras, Portugal; and Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidad de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Ed.C2. PT-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Feij\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Reproduction et D\u00e9veloppement des Plantes, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5667 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique\/Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure\/Universit\u00e9 de Lyon I, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Lyon, 46 All\u00e9e d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France Cedex 07; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia, PT-2780\u2013156 Oeiras, Portugal; and Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidad de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Ed.C2. PT-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"12","volume":"4","author":"Kranz E","year":"1991","unstructured":"E Kranz, J Bautor, H L\u00f6rz Sex Plant Reprod 4, 12\u201316 (1991).","journal-title":"Sex Plant Reprod"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199400001878"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.263.5153.1598"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.10.4.511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(96)80039-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02441950"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.15.2867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1999.9340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199400002586"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(08)60468-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59969-9_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)61112-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.110.5.1565"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"1815","volume":"6","author":"Pierson E","year":"1994","unstructured":"E Pierson, D Miller, D Callaham, A Shipley, B Rivers, M Cresti, P Hepler Plant Cell 6, 1815\u20131828 (1994).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3870560"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00197055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00199963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1995.tb04323.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.110.5.1565"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.4.1089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1995.08010009.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1998.275.2.C619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.1994.00683.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-1617(98)80261-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.1993.tb00013.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2466333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/22578"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.97.3.579"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.63.2.614"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1985.sp015855"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.99.2.137"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1993.1120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4160(93)90099-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-1878(199908)21:8<657::AID-BIES5>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.115.5.1259"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1997.8709"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)61102-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.20.2.233"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.180243697","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T07:23:49Z","timestamp":1649834629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.180243697"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,5]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.180243697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.180243697","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-05-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-09-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}