{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T22:33:22Z","timestamp":1792881202819,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,28]],"date-time":"2019-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":184,"URL":"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/site\/aboutpnas\/licenses.xhtml"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000888","name":"W. M. Keck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["89208-31150-44-X-IQJED"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["89208-31150-44-X-IQJED"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000888","name":"W. M. Keck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["89208-31150-44-X-IQJED"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["89208-31150-44-X-IQJED"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000888","name":"W. M. Keck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["89208-31150-44-X-IQJED"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["89208-31150-44-X-IQJED"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000888","name":"W. M. Keck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["89208-31150-44-X-IQJED"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["89208-31150-44-X-IQJED"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Efficient nonviral delivery of macromolecules including mRNA, DNA plasmids, Cas9 ribonucleoproteins, and functional protein into both adherent cells and suspension cells with high cell viability is crucial for cellular manipulation, cellular imaging, and medical applications. However, the conventional delivery methods are limited to a certain range of molecules and cell types and often reduce cell viability. Here, we demonstrate effective delivery of macromolecules by nanopore electroporation (NanoEP) using a water-filter nanoporous membrane. As compared with conventional electroporation that porates the entire cell, NanoEP induces localized electroporation on a nanosized area of the cell membrane, which preserves cell viability. Additionally, our delivery method does not require specialized equipment, which allows for easy access across laboratories and medical facilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818553116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T02:54:12Z","timestamp":1553828052000},"page":"7899-7904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Nontoxic nanopore electroporation for effective intracellular delivery of biological macromolecules"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2376-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhong","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enbo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Cestellos-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoyi","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94705;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yude","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Doudna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"},{"name":"Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"},{"name":"Molecular Biophysics &amp; Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peidong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.1162191"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0326-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.280"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aao3240"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2009.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19764"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/15.3.1311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(01)76055-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja071456k"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909350107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.164"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR03187G"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC00721B"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-017-0039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn400874a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl0509677"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat8131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1615375114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2014.9112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160818149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.3148pe42"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3659"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1225829"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2004.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2016.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2012.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.04766"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.1818553116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1818553116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T03:57:35Z","timestamp":1649822255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1818553116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1818553116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1818553116","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}