{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T05:54:54Z","timestamp":1792907694579,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"DOD | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HR0011-17-2-0043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HR0011-17-2-0043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000952","name":"Paul G. 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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Many mobile genetic elements contain anti-CRISPRs (Acrs) to evade host CRISPR defenses. Acrs have been discovered that inhibit therapeutically relevant CRISPR-Cas gene editors such as Cas12 and Cas9, including many inhibitors for\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    Cas9 (SpyCas9). However, there are few inhibitors known for the Cas9 from\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (SauCas9), which is both highly active in human cells and easier to deliver than SpyCas9 due to its smaller size. In this work, we search within\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomes for Acrs able to inhibit SauCas9. We discover three Acrs (AcrIIA13, AcrIIA14, and AcrIIA15) and demonstrate all three are able to inhibit CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Our findings highlight the utility of our Acr search method for finding Acrs against specific Cas nucleases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1917668117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T17:16:22Z","timestamp":1583860582000},"page":"6531-6539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Potent CRISPR-Cas9 inhibitors from\n                    <i>Staphylococcus<\/i>\n                    genomes"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6858-6632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle E.","family":"Watters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haridha","family":"Shivram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9545-5723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christof","family":"Fellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"},{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158;"},{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel J.","family":"Lew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Doudna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"},{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158;"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"},{"name":"Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat5011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12069","article-title":"Anti-CRISPRs: The natural inhibitors for CRISPR-Cas systems","volume":"2","author":"Zhang F.","year":"2019","unstructured":"F. Zhang, G. Song, Y. Tian, Anti-CRISPRs: The natural inhibitors for CRISPR-Cas systems. Animal Model Exp. Med. 2, 69\u201375 (2019).","journal-title":"Animal Model Exp. 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