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The archaeological and radiocarbon data provide definitive evidence that modern humans were in western Iberia at a time when, if present at all, Neanderthal populations would have been extremely sparse. This discovery has important ramifications for our understanding of the process of modern human dispersal and replacement of Neanderthal populations. The results support a very rapid, unimpeded dispersal of modern humans across western Eurasia and support the notion that climate and environmental change played a significant role in this process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2016062117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:26:04Z","timestamp":1601339164000},"page":"25414-25422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["The early Aurignacian dispersal of modern humans into westernmost Eurasia"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2047-4524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Haws","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292;"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2900-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael M.","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;"},{"name":"Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2406-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahra","family":"Talamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9655-0549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Bicho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0321-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cascalheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8328-2418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Grace","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology and Geography, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9642-9239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 871317;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9710-7271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Friedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of West Bohemia, 30614 Plzen, Czech Republic;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7588-2090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Telmo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of History, Arts, and Humanities, Universidade Aut\u00f3noma de Lisboa, 1169-023, Lisbon, Portugal;"},{"name":"Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa (UNIARQ), 1600-214, Lisbon, Portugal;"},{"name":"Centro de Geoci\u00eancias, Universidade de Coimbra, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Brandon K.","family":"Zinsious","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04259"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003038788"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-020-1136-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2259-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2018.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","volume-title":"Quaternary Glaciations- Extent and Chronology","author":"Ehlers J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"J. 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