{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T17:42:40Z","timestamp":1776534160226,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/27\/B\/NZ8\/00465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/27\/B\/NZ8\/00465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Climate change affects timing of reproduction in many bird species, but few studies have investigated its influence on annual reproductive output. Here, we assess changes in the annual production of young by female breeders in 201 populations of 104 bird species (N = 745,962 clutches) covering all continents between 1970 and 2019. Overall, average offspring production has declined in recent decades, but considerable differences were found among species and populations. A total of 56.7% of populations showed a declining trend in offspring production (significant in 17.4%), whereas 43.3% exhibited an increase (significant in 10.4%). The results show that climatic changes affect offspring production through compounded effects on ecological and life history traits of species. Migratory and larger-bodied species experienced reduced offspring production with increasing temperatures during the chick-rearing period, whereas smaller-bodied, sedentary species tended to produce more offspring. Likewise, multi-brooded species showed increased breeding success with increasing temperatures, whereas rising temperatures were unrelated to reproductive success in single-brooded species. Our study suggests that rapid declines in size of bird populations reported by many studies from different parts of the world are driven only to a small degree by changes in the production of young.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2208389120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T19:11:27Z","timestamp":1682968287000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["The effect of climate change on avian offspring production: A global meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8043-8111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucyna","family":"Halupka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ornithological Station, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroc\u0142aw, Wroc\u0142aw 50-335, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0874-4250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debora","family":"Arlt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden"},{"name":"SLU Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0250-3176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jere","family":"Tolvanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9475-4123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Millon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille University, University of Avignon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Institut M\u00e9diterran\u00e9en Biodiversit\u00e9 &amp; Ecologie (IMBE), Aix-en-Provence 13545, France"},{"name":"Groupe d\u2019Etudes et de Protection des Busards (GepB), Beurville 52110, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6759-4371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Bize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach CH-6204, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1566-1234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Adam\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc 771 46, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Museum of Natural History, Olomouc 771 73, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private address, Cormost 10800, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8462-4416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne\u00a0J.","family":"Arendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Sabana Field Research Station, Luquillo 00773, PR"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7594-3500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander\u00a0V.","family":"Artemyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk 185910, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8464-7861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Baglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gesti\u00f3n Ambiental, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, Le\u00f3n 24071, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7479-3117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy","family":"Ba\u0144bura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a 90-237, Poland"}]},{"given":"Miros\u0142awa","family":"Ba\u0144bura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a 90-237, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2882-9788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Barba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201dCavanilles\u201d Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia E46080, Spain"}]},{"given":"Robert\u00a0T.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Troms\u00f8 University Museum, Troms\u00f8 NO-9037, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5323-6648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter\u00a0H.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Avian Research \u201cVogelwarte Helgoland\u201d, head office Wilhelmshaven, Wilhelmshaven 26386, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-2555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugen","family":"Belskii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620144, Russia"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Aberdeen AB10 1YP, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4488-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.\u00a0Keith","family":"Bowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Edward J. 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