{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:40:26Z","timestamp":1791589226947,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) systems have been developed as important tools for plant genome engineering. Here, we demonstrate that the hypercompact Cas\u03a6 nuclease is able to generate stably inherited gene edits in\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and that Cas\u03a6 guide RNAs can be expressed with either the Pol-III U6 promoter or a Pol-II promoter together with ribozyme mediated RNA processing. Using the\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis fwa<\/jats:italic>\n                    epiallele, we show that Cas\u03a6 displays higher editing efficiency when the target locus is not DNA methylated, suggesting that Cas\u03a6 is sensitive to chromatin environment. Importantly, two Cas\u03a6 protein variants, vCas\u03a6 and nCas\u03a6, both showed much higher editing efficiency\u00a0relative to the wild-type Cas\u03a6 enzyme. Consistently, vCas\u03a6 and nCas\u03a6 yielded offspring plants with inherited edits at much higher rates compared to WTCas\u03a6. Extensive genomic analysis of gene edited plants showed no off-target editing, suggesting that Cas\u03a6 is highly specific. The hypercompact size, T-rich minimal protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), and wide range of working temperatures make Cas\u03a6 an excellent supplement to existing plant genome editing systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2216822120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T13:49:27Z","timestamp":1674049767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Genome editing in plants using the compact editor Cas\u03a6"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8438-0375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhui","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongshou","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Pausch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Center - 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