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We found that the anterior hippocampus in humans and ventral hippocampus in rats occupied highly central hub-like positions in the network and were highly integrated with extrinsic functional communities. The insula, particularly the posterior insula in rats, was also identified as a putative cross-species hub. Finally, we identified shifts in network topology based on individual differences and sex in conflict preference. Our findings provide evidence for conserved network dynamics, particularly at the regional scale, supporting AAC processing in humans and rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2601203123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:18:26Z","timestamp":1790698706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional brain networks underlying approach\u2013avoidance conflict processing in humans and rats"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7191-342X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norman R.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4004-1573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina L.","family":"Valenzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychology (St. George), University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01kvpec59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy of Research & Education","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7789-8087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingmin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhemeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2438-6706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jina","family":"Khiabani Javid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03dbr7087","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto","place":["Toronto, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8546-5311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andy C. 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