{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:39:02Z","timestamp":1793043542871,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"44","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Critical Minerals and Energy Innnovation","award":["DE-AC36-08GO28308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC36-08GO28308"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xznz413","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Wind turbines are a major source of bat fatalities in the United States, yet the magnitude and species-specific patterns of these fatalities have remained poorly quantified because monitoring has been site-specific, unstandardized, and not designed for landscape-level synthesis. In the most comprehensive analysis to date, we synthesized 499 postconstruction monitoring reports and developed a multispecies Bayesian hierarchical framework with an adapted N-mixture model to pool information across sites and estimate total fatalities for ten bat species across the conterminous United States from 1981 to 2024. Our analysis predicts approximately 18.7 million bat fatalities over this period, with substantially higher species-specific totals than previously estimated. Our framework provides a landscape-level analysis that can predict fatalities for unmonitored locations and years, identify landscape-level drivers of fatalities, produce a multidecade hindcast of cumulative losses due to wind energy, and map where species-specific risk is highest. Although limitations and uncertainty remain, the magnitude of predicted fatalities may be comparable to total losses from white-nose syndrome, another major threat to North American bat populations. These threats affect largely different species, suggesting their impacts may compound, but updated population-level impact assessments could reveal potential cumulative effects. Our estimates of species-specific covariate relationships with rotor-swept area, ground clearance, land cover, and proximity to rivers, highlight opportunities to help reduce impacts through wind turbine design and siting. This work establishes a generalizable landscape-level framework for evaluating wildlife fatalities at wind energy facilities and highlights how coordinated monitoring, data sharing, and population-level impact assessments could further inform conservation efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2612674123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:06:31Z","timestamp":1793041591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The scope and severity of bat fatalities at US wind energy facilities"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6027-0120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles J.","family":"Labuzzetta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zf0nh29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center","place":["Fort Collins"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7030-0602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashton M.","family":"Wiens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01x8cht46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Energy and Minerals Science Center","place":["Reston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5225-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley J.","family":"Udell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zf0nh29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center","place":["Fort Collins"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2582-8771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa F.","family":"Bohner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/038t8ze69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","place":["La Crosse"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1093-6948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay E.","family":"Diffendorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041hkjs21","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","place":["Denver"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1807-4799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Grajal-Puche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zf0nh29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center","place":["Fort Collins"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3040-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cris D.","family":"Hein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036266993","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","place":["Golden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2442-249X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnold E.","family":"Johnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/038t8ze69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","place":["La Crosse"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036266993","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","place":["Golden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1751-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trieu","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036266993","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Laboratory of the Rockies","place":["Golden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian E.","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zf0nh29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center","place":["Fort Collins"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0380-0470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan M.","family":"Seymour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04k7dar27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ohio Ecological Services Field Office","place":["Columbus"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2384-4279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne E.","family":"Thogmartin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/038t8ze69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","place":["La Crosse"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethany R.","family":"Frid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zf0nh29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center","place":["Fort Collins"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1540-9295(2007)5[315:EIOWED]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201366"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087912"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12552"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.12064"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. F. Frick L. A. De Wit A. Ibarra K. Lear M. T. O\u2019Mara \u201cConserving bats and their foraging habitats\u201d in A Natural History of Bat Foraging D. Russo B. Fenton Eds. (Elsevier 2024) pp. 305\u2013325.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91820-6.00002-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15225"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","unstructured":"J. Kerns P. Kerlinger \u201cA study of bird and bat collision fatalities at the Mountaineer Wind Energy Center Tucker County West Virginia: Annual report for 2003\u201d (Tech. Rep. Curry & Kerlinger LLC McLean VA 2004)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"A five-year assessment of mortality and geographic spread of white-nose syndrome in North American bats and a look to the future","volume":"52","author":"Turner G. G.","year":"2011","unstructured":"G. G. Turner, D. M. Reeder, J. T. H. Coleman, A five-year assessment of mortality and geographic spread of white-nose syndrome in North American bats and a look to the future. Bat Res. News 52, 13\u201327 (2011).","journal-title":"Bat Res. News"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","unstructured":"S. S. Schwartz \u201cProceedings of the wind energy and birds\/bats workshop: Understanding and resolving bird and bat impacts\u201d (Tech. Rep. 836695 RESOLVE Inc Washington DC 2004)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","unstructured":"T. J. O\u2019Shea M. A. Bogan \u201cMonitoring trends in bat populations of the United States and territories: Problems and prospects\u201d (Tech. Rep. USGS\/BRD\/ITR-2003-0003 U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources Discipline Reston VA 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139045599"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","unstructured":"S. C. Loeb et al. \u201cA plan for the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat)\u201d (Tech. Rep. SRS-GTR-208 U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Research Station Asheville NC 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"United States bat species of concern: A synthesis","volume":"65","author":"O\u2019Shea T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"T. O\u2019Shea, P. Cryan, M. Bogan, United States bat species of concern: A synthesis. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4 Ser. 65, 1\u2013279 (2018).","journal-title":"Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4 Ser."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BGEN.0000038022.65024.d8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13739"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","unstructured":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service \u201cImplementation of The National Plan for Assisting States Federal Agencies and Tribes in Managing White-Nose Syndrome in Bats\u201d (Tech. Rep. 70039214 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Washington DC 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","unstructured":"B. J. Udell et al. \u201cStatus and trends of North American bats: Summer occupancy analysis 2010\u20132019 North American bat monitoring program\u201d (Tech. Rep. 70239128 U.S. Geological Survey Reston VA 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecm.1617"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08238-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","unstructured":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service \u201cLand-based wind energy guidelines\u201d (Tech. Rep. 1018-0148 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Washington DC 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","unstructured":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service \u201cExamples of state and international guidance for duration and intensity of pre-construction and post-construction monitoring\u201d (Tech. Rep. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Washington DC 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Bat mortality at Ontario wind farms quantified and compared using four candidate estimator equations","volume":"16","author":"Thurber B. G.","year":"2022","unstructured":"B. G. Thurber, C. B. Jardine, J. R. Zimmerling, Bat mortality at Ontario wind farms quantified and compared using four candidate estimator equations. Hum. Wildl. Interact. 16, 53\u201366 (2022).","journal-title":"Hum. Wildl. Interact."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13457"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014223.2012.758155"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Dalthorp et al. \u201cGenEst statistical models \u2013 A generalized estimator of mortality\u201d (Tech. Rep. 7\u2013A2 U.S. Geological Survey Reston VA 2018).","DOI":"10.3133\/tm7A2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/env.1052"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wsb.260"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. B. Arnett E. F. Baerwald \u201cImpacts of wind energy development on bats: Implications for conservation\u201d in Bat Evolution Ecology and Conservation R. A. Adams S. C. Pedersen Eds. (Springer New York New York NY 2013) pp. 435\u2013456.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7397-8_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","unstructured":"Bird Studies Canada \u201cCanadian Wind Energy Association Environment Canada Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Wind energy bird and bat monitoring database: Summary of the findings from post-construction monitoring reports\u201d (Tech. Rep. National Wind Watch Pittsfield MA 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","unstructured":"E.M. Schauber R. Butryn S. Felton \u201c3rd edition: Summary of bat fatality monitoring data contained in AWWIC land-based wind energy monitoring database\u201d (Tech. Rep. Renewable Energy Wildlife Institute REWI Washington DC 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","unstructured":"Western EcoSystems Technology. Inc \u201cRegional summaries of wildlife fatalities at wind facilities in the United States and Canada: 2022 report from the Renew database\u201d (Tech. Rep. Western EcoSystems Technology Inc Cheyenne WY 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2021.109309"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2017.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13853"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.147"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-015-0501-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.260"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/facets-2022-0105"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44358-024-00014-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2193\/0022-541X(2006)70[255:EAAIHE]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2015.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13290"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","unstructured":"B. Hoen et al. United States Wind Turbine Database v7.1.0 (U.S. Geological Survey Reston VA American Clean Power Association Washington DC and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15481603.2023.2181143"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","volume-title":"White-Nose Syndrome\/Pseudogymnoascus destructans Spatio-Temporal Predictions Over North America Between 2007 and 2030","author":"Wiens A. M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"A. M. Wiens, W. E. Thogmartin, White-Nose Syndrome\/Pseudogymnoascus destructans Spatio-Temporal Predictions Over North America Between 2007 and 2030 (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.03.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","unstructured":"A. Lopez et al. \u201cSolar photovoltaics and land-based wind technical potential and supply curves for the contiguous United States (2023 edition)\u201d (Tech. Rep. NREL\/TP\u20136A20-87843 2283517 MainId:88618 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","volume-title":"Daymet: Monthly climate summaries on a 1-km grid for North America v4R1","author":"Thornton M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"M. Thornton, R. Shrestha, Y. Wei, P. Thornton, S. C. Kao, Daymet: Monthly climate summaries on a 1-km grid for North America v4R1 (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, TN, 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","volume-title":"World Karst Aquifer Map (WHYMAP WOKAM)","author":"Chen Z.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Z. Chen , World Karst Aquifer Map (WHYMAP WOKAM) (Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany, 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","volume-title":"Black Marble 2016","author":"Rom\u00e1n M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. Rom\u00e1n, J. Stevens, Black Marble 2016 (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Goddard, MD, 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143619"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","unstructured":"U.S. Geological Survey National Geospatial Program USGS National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution National Release 1 FileGDB (U.S. Geological Survey Reston VA 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-00624-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","volume-title":"North American Bat Ranges, 1830\u20132008","year":"2011","unstructured":"National Atlas of the United States, North American Bat Ranges, 1830\u20132008 (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2688-8319.12371"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3161\/150811010X537846"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2024.110474"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13554"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2830"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","unstructured":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service North American bat death toll exceeds 5.5 million from white-nose syndrome (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Office of Communications Arlington VA 2012). https:\/\/s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/prod-is-cms-assets\/wns\/prod\/0c8dc8c0-8d41-11e9-93b7-61a86857b722-wns_mortality_2012_nr_final_0.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-020-01411-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103652"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","volume-title":"Applied Hierarchical Modeling in Ecology: Analysis of Distribution, Abundance and Species Richness in R and BUGS","author":"K\u00e9ry M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"M. K\u00e9ry, J. A. Royle, Applied Hierarchical Modeling in Ecology: Analysis of Distribution, Abundance and Species Richness in R and BUGS (Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, Amsterdam Boston, Elsevier\/AP, 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","unstructured":"P. S. Shoenfeld Suggestions Regarding Avian Mortality Extrapolation (West Virginia Highlands Conservancy Davis West Virginia Technical memo provided to FPL Energy 2004)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","unstructured":"J. A. Royle R. M. Dorazio Eds. Hierarchical Modeling and Inference in Ecology: The Analysis of Data from Populations Metapopulations and Communities (Academic Amsterdam Boston ed. 1 2008)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","unstructured":"C. J. Labuzzetta et al. National Estimates of Annual and Cumulative Bat Fatalities at Onshore Wind Energy Facilities from 1981\u20132024 and Species-Specific Relative Fatality Risk Maps Across the Conterminous United States (U.S. Geological Survey Reston VA 2026). 10.5066\/P13NP5JM."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","unstructured":"C. J. Labuzzetta et al. Software for a National Model of Bat Fatalities at Wind Facilities v1.1.0 (U.S. Geological Survey Reston VA 2026). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5066\/P138DAXS."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2612674123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:07:47Z","timestamp":1793041667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2612674123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"44","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2612674123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2612674123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2612674123"}}