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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) persist in aquatic environments due to their ultrastable C\u2013F bonds and poor susceptibility to conventional treatment. Here, we report an H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -based catalytic-film membrane that enables PFAS destruction in ambient conditions by generating highly reactive surface (H\n                    <jats:sub>ads<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and subsurface hydrogen (H\n                    <jats:sub>sub<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), the latter stored as \u03b2-phase palladium hydride (\u03b2-PdHx). Solid-state analyses evidenced \u03b2-PdHx formation and related lattice expansion with elevated H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    chemical potential, revealing a structural mechanism that links hydrogen storage to catalytic defluorination. Mechanistically, the two hydrogen species play complementary roles: H\n                    <jats:sub>ads<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>\n                    -rich Pd\n                    <jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\n                    surface enabled PFAS capture through parallel adsorption to maximize interfacial contact with active H, whereas sustained H\n                    <jats:sub>sub<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>\n                    supplied the energetic driving force for stepwise hydrodefluorination consistent with sequential C\u2013F scission. As a result, across six PFAS of regulatory concern\u2014PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS, PFBS, and GenX\u2014the catalytic membrane converted all contaminants toward fully defluorinated products. Long-chain PFAS were removed and defluorinated more rapidly than short-chain analogs, while GenX showed greater recalcitrance due to its ether linkage, weaker adsorption, and higher average C\u2013F bond dissociation energy; nonetheless, GenX still exhibited removal and defluorination, with the production of 2-propoxypropanoic acid. The system also enabled continuous coremoval of all six PFAS in ambient conditions, with up to 96% removal and 83% defluorination over 58 d. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for how active hydrogen is generated, stored, and deployed in catalytic membranes, and identify engineered H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -catalytic membranes as a promising low-energy technology for destructive PFAS treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2613985123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T19:01:49Z","timestamp":1792436509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Catalytic reactive-hydrogen membranes for rapid capture and hydrodefluorination of six PFAS of regulatory concern"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5328-7787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource 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