{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T04:16:04Z","timestamp":1751516164232,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"Amsterdam","reference-count":21,"publisher":"John Benjamins Publishing Company","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9789027213471"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9789027253286"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper examines the nature of elements such as <jats:italic>hi:t\u0283k\u04d5s<\/jats:italic> \u201canyone\u201d in Persian, which have been described as either Negative Polarity Items (<jats:xref>Taleghani 2006<\/jats:xref>) or Negative Concord Items (<jats:xref>Kwak 2010<\/jats:xref>) in prior literature. Such claims have typically been used to motivate analyses of Persian NegP as being high in the clause structure, above TP. This is in contrast to more recent analyses which have argued for a low position of negation (<jats:xref>Kahnemuyipour 2017<\/jats:xref>). Here, we present experimental evidence showing that c-commanding negation is not sufficient for licensing <jats:italic>hi:t\u0283<\/jats:italic> elements, unlike English <jats:italic>any<\/jats:italic>. We also show that <jats:italic>hi:t\u0283<\/jats:italic> elements have many properties in common with similar elements in Japanese and Korean, where there is less certainty in designating these as Negative Concord Items, and where negation is independently argued to be low. Thus, we claim, the distribution of <jats:italic>hi:t\u0283<\/jats:italic> elements cannot be upheld as a proof of syntactically high negation, under either a polarity item or concord item analysis. We close the paper with a typological discussion, suggesting that the properties of <jats:italic>hi:t\u0283<\/jats:italic> elements and their kin seem to be broadly shared among OV languages more generally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1075\/cilt.361.11sto","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T14:11:06Z","timestamp":1679321466000},"page":"282-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The nature and licensing of <i>hi:t\u0283<\/i> elements in Persian"],"prefix":"10.1075","author":[{"given":"Dennis R.","family":"Storoshenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yjb2x39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Calgary"}]},{"given":"Mahyar","family":"Nakhaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yjb2x39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Calgary"}]}],"member":"1757","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0464","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/ling.2009.40.1.35"},{"volume-title":"Investigations in universal grammar: A guide to experiments on the acquisition of syntax and semantics","year":"1998","author":"Crain","key":"CIT0465"},{"volume-title":"Word order, NP movements, and opacity conditions in Persian","year":"1996","author":"Darzi","key":"CIT0466"},{"key":"CIT0467","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21248\/hpsg.2016.13"},{"key":"CIT0468","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0008413100017928"},{"key":"CIT0469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/ling.2007.38.1.1"},{"key":"CIT0470","first-page":"179","article-title":"Airport\u201986 revisited: Toward a unified indefinite any","volume-title":"The Partee Effect","author":"Horn","year":"2005"},{"volume-title":"Negation is low in Persian: evidence from nominalization","year":"2017","author":"Kahnemuyipour","key":"CIT0471"},{"key":"CIT0472","article-title":"The CP-vP parallelism: Evidence from (some) Iranian languages","author":"Kahnemuyipour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Second North American Conference on Iranian Linguistics (NACIL 2)"},{"key":"CIT0473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110199796"},{"key":"CIT0474","first-page":"161","article-title":"Generative approaches to syntax","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Persian Linguistics","author":"Karimi","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0475","first-page":"615","article-title":"Intervention effects are focus effects","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Japanese\/Korean Linguistics"},{"key":"CIT0476","first-page":"195","article-title":"Negation, focus, and negative concord in Japanese","volume":"28","author":"Kuno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics"},{"key":"CIT0477","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00210862.2010.518028"},{"key":"CIT0478","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1654690.1654701"},{"key":"CIT0479","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojml.2016.64031"},{"key":"CIT0480","first-page":"275","article-title":"Korean NPIs scope over negation","volume":"42","author":"Sells","year":"2006","journal-title":"Language Research"},{"volume-title":"Persian quantifiers and their scope","author":"Shafiei","key":"CIT0481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1075\/cilt.361.02sha"},{"key":"CIT0482","first-page":"241","article-title":"Scope as a diagnostic for the position of negation in Persian","volume":"40","author":"Shafiei","year":"2017","journal-title":"University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 23.1: Annual Penn Linguistics Conference"},{"key":"CIT0483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jos\/ffr004"},{"volume-title":"The interaction of modality, aspect and negation in Persian","year":"2006","author":"Taleghani","key":"CIT0484"}],"container-title":["Current Issues in Linguistic Theory","Advances in Iranian Linguistics II"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T18:10:42Z","timestamp":1751479842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/benjamins.com\/catalog\/cilt.361.11sto"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1075\/cilt.361.11sto\/html","label":"DeGruyter"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"ISBN":["9789027213471","9789027253286"],"references-count":21,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/cilt.361.11sto","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-0763"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0304-0763"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]}}}