{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T23:51:24Z","timestamp":1775001084392,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"Amsterdam","reference-count":16,"publisher":"John Benjamins Publishing Company","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789027202413","type":"print"},{"value":"9789027262752","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The Fundamental Theorem of Language Change (<jats:xref>Yang 2000<\/jats:xref>) implies the impossibility of stable variation in the Variational Learning framework, but only in the special case where two, and not more, grammatical variants compete. Introducing the notion of an advantage matrix, I generalize Variational Learn-ing to situations where the learner receives input generated by more than two grammars, and show that diachronically stable variation is an intrinsic feature of several types of such multiple-grammar systems. This invites experimentalists to take the possibility of stable variation seriously and identifies one possible place where to look for it: situations of complex language contact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1075\/la.254.11kau","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T07:59:29Z","timestamp":1552895969000},"page":"263-290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Stable variation in multidimensional competition"],"prefix":"10.1075","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6743-5100","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Henri","family":"Kauhanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027m9bs27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Manchester"}]}],"member":"1757","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0595","volume-title":"Word Formation in Generative Grammar","author":"Aronoff","year":"1976"},{"key":"CIT0596","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.10778"},{"key":"CIT0597","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/14496-000"},{"key":"CIT0598","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139172455"},{"key":"CIT0599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(67)91165-5"},{"key":"CIT0600a","volume-title":"Individual and Population in Language Change: Mathematical Explorations of the Acquisition-Use Loop","author":"Kauhanen","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0600","first-page":"180","article-title":"Morphosyntactic variation","volume-title":"Papers from the 30th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society: Parasession on Variation and Linguistic Theory","author":"Kroch","year":"1994"},{"key":"CIT0601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lingua.2008.09.012"},{"key":"CIT0602","volume-title":"Learning Automata: An Introduction","author":"Narendra","year":"1989"},{"key":"CIT0603","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199250691.003.0020"},{"key":"CIT0604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2016.0079"},{"key":"CIT0605","first-page":"429","article-title":"A selectionist theory of language acquisition","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Yang","year":"1999"},{"key":"CIT0606","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954394500123014"},{"key":"CIT0607","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199250691.003.0021"},{"key":"CIT0608","volume-title":"Knowledge and Learning in Natural Language","author":"Yang","year":"2002"},{"key":"CIT0609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.08.006"}],"container-title":["Linguistik Aktuell\/Linguistics Today","The determinants of diachronic stability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T21:14:15Z","timestamp":1751490855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/benjamins.com\/catalog\/la.254.11kau"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1075\/la.254.11kau\/html","label":"DeGruyter"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]},"ISBN":["9789027202413","9789027262752"],"references-count":16,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/la.254.11kau","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-0829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-0829","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]]}}}