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We show\n                                that <jats:italic>c\u2019est<\/jats:italic> (\u2018it is\u2019) clefts, which explicitly mark\n                                narrow new information focus, are root phenomena, in contrast with\n                                    <jats:italic>il y a<\/jats:italic> (\u2018there is\u2019) clefts marking broad new\n                                information focus and contrastive focus\n                                <jats:italic>c\u2019est<\/jats:italic>-clefts. Nominal inversion in French behaves\n                                in the opposite way and is argued to be an \u2018inverse root\n                                phenomenon\u2019. These observations are explained by <jats:xref>Krifka\u2019s (2017)<\/jats:xref> notion of a\n                                \u2018judge\u2019, its relation to epistemic modality and the distinction\n                                between assertive embedded clauses (in which root phenomena occur)\n                                and non-assertive embedded clauses (in which root phenomena do not\n                                occur).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1075\/la.273.05lah","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T10:33:09Z","timestamp":1643884389000},"page":"147-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Is focus a root phenomenon?"],"prefix":"10.1075","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4023-1439","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karen","family":"Lahousse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05f950310","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"KU Leuven"}]}],"member":"1757","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/la.190.01ael"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT425","first-page":"61","article-title":"An intervention account of the distribution of main clause phenomena: Evidence from ellipsis","volume":"4","author":"Authier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iberia: An International Journal of Theoretical Linguistics"},{"key":"CIT426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/sl.19021.bel"},{"key":"CIT427","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/la.262.02bel"},{"volume-title":"Alternating Constructions on the Semantics-Pragmatics Interface: Theticity and Sentence-focus in Dutch and Italian","year":"2021","author":"Belligh","key":"CIT428"},{"key":"CIT429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/gjgl.677"},{"key":"CIT430","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/la.197.07bia"},{"key":"CIT431","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780190210588.003.0004"},{"key":"CIT432","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/la.197.07bia"},{"key":"CIT433","first-page":"43","article-title":"Is topic a root phenomenon?","volume":"2","author":"Bianchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iberia"},{"key":"CIT434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/rllt.8.01bia"},{"key":"CIT435","first-page":"1","article-title":"Focus fronting, unexpectedness, and the evaluative dimension","volume":"9","author":"Bianchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semantics and Pragmatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT436","first-page":"273","article-title":"Les cliv\u00e9es fran\u00e7aises de type:","volume":"100","author":"Blanche-Benveniste","year":"2006","journal-title":"C\u2019est comme \u00e7a que, C\u2019est pour \u00e7a que, C\u2019est l\u00e0 que tout a commenc\u00e9. 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