{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T07:08:55Z","timestamp":1778483335359,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"Amsterdam","reference-count":112,"publisher":"John Benjamins Publishing Company","isbn-type":[{"value":"9789027234001","type":"print"},{"value":"9789027243881","type":"electronic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Since\n                    <jats:xref>Giv\u00f3n (1983)<\/jats:xref>\n                    and\n                    <jats:xref>Ariel (1990)<\/jats:xref>\n                    , a large body of research continues to assume that zero anaphors reflect\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\ta higher degree of accessibility than overt pronominal forms. However, when the features of animacy or person\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tare taken as its metric, existing case studies do not consistently confirm a correlation between high\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taccessibility and zero form, and some report the opposite tendency. In this chapter we bring a broader\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tcross-linguistic perspective to the question, leveraging data from a multilingual richly annotated spoken\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tlanguage corpus covering 16 typologically diverse languages. We identify a surprisingly robust trend in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tsupport of a reversal of expected accessibility-accounts: Overall, it is non-human referents rather than\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\thuman, and third person rather than first and second person, which favour zero expression. Our findings\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tprovide cross-linguistic support for the constraint \u2018avoid non-human pronouns\u2019, found by\n                    <jats:xref>Genetti and Crain (2003)<\/jats:xref>\n                    for Nepali, and a tendency to overtly realise speech-act\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tparticipants as pronouns. Furthermore, we identify a significant effect of syntactic role, such that these\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tregularities are more clearly evident for direct objects than for transitive subjects. We explore possible\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\texplanations for these results, noting similarities between our findings and well-documented patterns of\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdifferential indexing, informativity and surprisal (\n                    <jats:xref>Haspelmath\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2021<\/jats:xref>\n                    ). More generally, these findings call for a re-assessment of the view that a single principle such\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tas accessibility can account for referential choice among all form types. For the choice between reduced forms\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(pronouns and zero), distinct principles may be operative.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1075\/slcs.240.19hai","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:25:42Z","timestamp":1778217942000},"page":"488-517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High animacy does not favour zero over pronouns \u2013 especially for objects"],"prefix":"10.1075","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5410-3692","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Haig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01c1w6d29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Bamberg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2036-2263","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefan","family":"Schnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02crff812","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Zurich"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1757","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT1183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024109008573"},{"key":"CIT1184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022226700011567"},{"key":"CIT1185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315857473"},{"key":"CIT1186","first-page":"197","article-title":"The Development of Person Agreement Markers: From Pronouns to Higher Accessibility Markers","volume-title":"Usage-based Models of Language","author":"Ariel","year":"2000"},{"key":"CIT1187","volume-title":"Reference Form and Discourse Patterns","author":"Arnold","year":"1998"},{"key":"CIT1188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/sidag.14.11arn"},{"key":"CIT1189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960801920099"},{"key":"CIT1190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-818X.2010.00193.x"},{"key":"CIT1191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2000.0045"},{"key":"CIT1191a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315857343"},{"key":"CIT1193","volume-title":"The Social Cognition Parallax Corpus (SCOPIC)","author":"Barth","year":"2017"},{"key":"CIT1194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2003.0205"},{"key":"CIT1196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110331127.15"},{"key":"CIT1197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/psicl-2014-0009"},{"key":"CIT1198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/lingvan-2014-1014"},{"key":"CIT1199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21248\/zaspil.48.2007.356"},{"key":"CIT1200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/opli-2020-0042"},{"key":"CIT1201a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lingua.2014.03.007","article-title":"Choosing Referring Expressions in Belgian and Netherlandic Dutch: Effects of Animacy","volume":"145","author":"Vogels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lingua"},{"key":"CIT1202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1203","first-page":"27","article-title":"Givenness, Contrastiveness, Definiteness, Subjects, Topics, and Point of View","volume-title":"Subject and Topic","author":"Chafe","year":"1976"},{"key":"CIT1204","volume-title":"The Pear Stories. Cognitive, Cultural, and Linguistic Aspects of Narrative Production","author":"Chafe","year":"1980"},{"key":"CIT1205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/tsl.11.03cha"},{"key":"CIT1206","volume-title":"Discourse, Consciousness, and Time. The Flow and Displacement of Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing","author":"Chafe","year":"1994"},{"key":"CIT1207","first-page":"127","article-title":"Referential Choice in English and Japanese Narrative Discourse","volume-title":"The Pear Stories. Cognitive, Cultural, and Linguistic Aspects of Narrative Production","author":"Clancy","year":"1980"},{"key":"CIT1208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(09)60059-5"},{"key":"CIT1209","volume-title":"Language Universals and Linguistic Typology","author":"Comrie","year":"1981"},{"key":"CIT1210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139166119"},{"key":"CIT1211","first-page":"109","article-title":"Agreement: Terms and Boundaries","author":"Corbett","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Role of Agreement in Natural Language: TLS 5 Proceedings"},{"key":"CIT1212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/415719"},{"key":"CIT1213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3841(87)90072-6"},{"key":"CIT1214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/sidag.14.04dub"},{"key":"CIT1215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520354852"},{"key":"CIT1216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/sidag.14.10gen"},{"key":"CIT1218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.02.003"},{"key":"CIT1219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/tsl.3.01giv"},{"key":"CIT1220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/z.204"},{"key":"CIT1221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ada324949"},{"key":"CIT1222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/416535"},{"key":"CIT1223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ling-2018-0011"},{"key":"CIT1225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-dytp1-q4t70"},{"key":"CIT1226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2016.0049"},{"key":"CIT1227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1228","first-page":"141","article-title":"Universals of Reference in Discourse and Grammar: Evidence from the Multi-CAST Collection of Spoken Corpora","volume-title":"Doing Corpus-Based Typology with Spoken Language Data: State of the Art","author":"Haig","year":"2021"},{"key":"CIT1229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1230","first-page":"20","article-title":"Yossi, Believe Me as You Never Believed Me Before","author":"Harel","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Haaretz Supplement"},{"key":"CIT1231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110331127.197"},{"key":"CIT1232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022226720000535"},{"key":"CIT1233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1075\/tsl.137.03hau","article-title":"Lexical, Pronominal and Zero Argument Encoding in Movima","volume-title":"Topicality and the Shaping of Grammar","author":"Haude"},{"key":"CIT1234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110929621"},{"key":"CIT1235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ling.1998.36.1.161"},{"key":"CIT1236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/ol.1999.0010"},{"key":"CIT1237","first-page":"187","article-title":"Linguistic Data Types and the Interface between Language Documentation and Description","volume-title":"Language Documentation & Conservation","author":"Himmelmann","year":"2012"},{"key":"CIT1238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2014.0105"},{"key":"CIT1239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ling-2020-0135"},{"key":"CIT1240","first-page":"38","article-title":"Prominence Beyond Prosody \u2014 A First Approximation","volume-title":"Prominences in Linguistics. Proceedings of the pS-prominenceS International Conference","author":"Himmelmann","year":"2015"},{"key":"CIT1241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cbo9780511770784.003"},{"key":"CIT1242","first-page":"11","article-title":"Toward a New Taxonomy for Pragmatic Inference: Q-Based and R-Based Implicature","volume-title":"Meaning, Form, and Use in Context: Linguistic Applications","author":"Horn","year":"1984"},{"key":"CIT1243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198235293.001.0001"},{"key":"CIT1244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004368859_021"},{"key":"CIT1245","volume-title":"Coherence, Reference, and the Theory of Grammar","author":"Kehler","year":"2002"},{"key":"CIT1246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470756959.ch11"},{"key":"CIT1247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/tl-2013-0001"},{"key":"CIT1248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jos\/ffm018"},{"key":"CIT1249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199215805.001.0001"},{"key":"CIT1250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1252","first-page":"14","article-title":"That I Should Have to Defend Arafat?","author":"Levy","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Ha\u2019aretz Supplement"},{"key":"CIT1253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7503.003.0111"},{"key":"CIT1254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/23p4m_v1"},{"key":"CIT1255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/aplv.1.2.02mea"},{"key":"CIT1255a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/ling.2007.38.4.671"},{"key":"CIT1259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5087\/dad.2020.101"},{"key":"CIT1260","first-page":"121","article-title":"First Person Singular Subject Pronoun Expression in Spanish in Contact with Catalan","volume-title":"Subject Pronoun Expression in Spanish: A Cross-Dialectal Perspective","author":"Prada\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tP\u00e9rez","year":"2015"},{"key":"CIT1261","first-page":"151","article-title":"Null Referential Subjects in Germanic Languages \u2014 An Overview","volume":"84","author":"Rosenkvist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax"},{"key":"CIT1262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198815853.003.0012"},{"key":"CIT1263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.11058114"},{"key":"CIT1264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1265","article-title":"MulticastR. A Companion to the Multi-CAST Collection. R package version 2.0.0","volume-title":"Multi-CAST. Multilingual Corpus of Annotated Spoken Texts","author":"Schiborr","year":"2021"},{"key":"CIT1266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20378\/irb-59773"},{"key":"CIT1267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-bantm-d9d13"},{"key":"CIT1269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ling-2018-0010"},{"key":"CIT1271","article-title":"The Person Indexing Cycle. A Source-Oriented View from Corpus-Based Typology","author":"Schnell","journal-title":"Language and Linguistics Compass"},{"key":"CIT1272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954394518000054"},{"key":"CIT1273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954394520000125"},{"key":"CIT1274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/slcs.227.09sch"},{"key":"CIT1275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-022-01072-0"},{"key":"CIT1277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jall-2024-2004"},{"key":"CIT1279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-460x2020360107"},{"key":"CIT1280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/016909600386048"},{"key":"CIT1281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203837887-57"},{"key":"CIT1282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1283","article-title":"Refer Efficiently. Use Less Informative Expressions for More Predictable Meanings","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on the Production of Referring Expressions: Bridging the Gap between Computational and Empirical Approaches to Reference (PRE-CogSci 2009)","author":"Tily","year":"2007"},{"key":"CIT1284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ling-2019-0011"},{"key":"CIT1285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48564\/unibafd-6nwae-ayk30"},{"key":"CIT1289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/sl.21072.vol"},{"key":"CIT1290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pragma.2019.07.025"},{"key":"CIT1291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1360674316000216"},{"key":"CIT1292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/317734"}],"container-title":["Studies in Language Companion Series","The Documentarist Turn"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T06:21:28Z","timestamp":1778480488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/benjamins.com\/catalog\/slcs.240.19hai"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1075\/slcs.240.19hai\/html","label":"DeGruyter"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"ISBN":["9789027234001","9789027243881"],"references-count":112,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/slcs.240.19hai","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-7763"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-7763","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]}}}