{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T04:09:16Z","timestamp":1751602156633,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"Amsterdam","reference-count":45,"publisher":"John Benjamins Publishing Company","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9789027213686"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9789027252876"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The paper presents a Critical Discourse Analysis of Jamaican and Trinidadian legal-cross examinations, using data from the International Corpus of English. Although English is the dominant language of the courtroom, the analysis shows that Creole is used by both attorneys and witnesses. In contrast to previous associations of Creole with powerlessness and Standard English with power, attorneys make use of both varieties to exert their authority in the courtroom. Hence, the value of specific linguistic resources and who can use them for which purpose depends on the speakers\u2019 social and institutional positionality. On a methodological level, the paper demonstrates that the International Corpus of English provides valuable data for critical qualitative analyses of language variation in New Englishes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1075\/veaw.g68.05wes","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T13:18:23Z","timestamp":1680182303000},"page":"84-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Creole and power"],"prefix":"10.1075","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9722-4822","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Westphal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v76ef78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Kiel University"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2749-5213","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guyanne","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02jx3x895","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University College London"}]}],"member":"1757","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/pbns.135"},{"key":"CIT0156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0957926508088962"},{"key":"CIT0158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0271-5309(92)90020-A"},{"key":"CIT0157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/weng.12495"},{"key":"CIT0159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511610295"},{"key":"CIT0160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511845307"},{"volume-title":"The Complete Advocate","year":"2013","author":"Boodoosingh","key":"CIT0161"},{"volume-title":"Language and Symbolic Power","year":"1991","author":"Bourdieu","key":"CIT0162"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0163","first-page":"493","article-title":"Critical Discourse Analysis and its Critics","volume":"21","author":"Breeze","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pragmatics"},{"key":"CIT0164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781405198431.wbeal0262"},{"key":"CIT0165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139226400"},{"key":"CIT0166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/veaw.g8.03dev"},{"key":"CIT0167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139023832.010"},{"key":"CIT0168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446200957.n26"},{"key":"CIT0169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/dapsac.93"},{"volume-title":"Language and Power","year":"1989","author":"Fairclough","key":"CIT0170"},{"key":"CIT0171","volume-title":"Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language","author":"Fairclough","year":"2010","edition":"2"},{"key":"CIT0172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1558\/ijsll.v21i2.225"},{"volume-title":"Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison","year":"1978","author":"Foucault","key":"CIT0173"},{"key":"CIT0174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/pbns.147"},{"key":"CIT0175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/veaw.g43"},{"volume-title":"The Language Attitude Survey of Jamaica","year":"2005","author":"Jamaican Language Unit","key":"CIT0176"},{"key":"CIT0177","first-page":"454","article-title":"The Creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: Morphology and Syntax","volume-title":"A Handbook of Varieties of English","author":"James","year":"2004"},{"key":"CIT0178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110197181"},{"key":"CIT0179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/jpcl.26.2.06kou"},{"key":"CIT0180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-2166(96)00033-1"},{"key":"CIT0181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/eww.34.3.01mai"},{"key":"CIT0182","first-page":"155","article-title":"Checks and Balances: How Corpus Linguistics Can Contribute to CDA","volume-title":"Methods of Critical Discourse Studies","author":"Mautner","year":"2015","edition":"3"},{"key":"CIT0183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/jpcl.00029.mee"},{"key":"CIT0184","first-page":"43","article-title":"Is \u2018Bad English\u2019 Dying Out?: A Diachronic Comparative Study of Attitudes towards Creole Versus Standard English in Trinidad","volume":"15","author":"M\u00fchleisen","year":"2001","journal-title":"PhiN"},{"key":"CIT0185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/cll.24"},{"key":"CIT0186","first-page":"252","article-title":"Symbol of Powerlessness and Degeneracy, or Symbol of Solidarity and Truth?: Paradoxical Attitudes toward Pidgins and Creoles","volume-title":"The English Language Today","author":"Rickford","year":"1985"},{"key":"CIT0187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2016.0078"},{"key":"CIT0188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429427886-7"},{"key":"CIT0189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511618901"},{"volume-title":"Constructing a Prime Minister: A Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of Newspaper Editorials in Trinidad and Tobago","year":"2019","author":"Shepherd","key":"CIT0190"},{"key":"CIT0191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/veaw.g19.07shi"},{"key":"CIT0192","first-page":"100","article-title":"Whorf\u2019s Children: Critical Comments on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)","volume":"12","author":"Stubbs","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Studies in Applied Linguistics"},{"key":"CIT0193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047404599001037"},{"key":"CIT0194","volume-title":"Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Grundri\u00df der Verstehenden Soziologie","author":"Weber","year":"1980","edition":"5"},{"key":"CIT0195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/veaw.g60"},{"key":"CIT0196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/weng.12247"},{"key":"CIT0197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-971X.00061"},{"key":"CIT0198","first-page":"1","article-title":"Critical Discourse Studies: History, Agenda, Theory and Methodology","volume-title":"Methods of Critical Discourse Studies","author":"Wodak","year":"2015","edition":"3"},{"key":"CIT0199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14769670500066248"}],"container-title":["Varieties of English Around the World","New Englishes, New Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T15:53:51Z","timestamp":1751558031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/benjamins.com\/catalog\/veaw.g68.05wes"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1075\/veaw.g68.05wes\/html","label":"DeGruyter"}]},"subtitle":["A Critical Discourse Analysis of legal cross\u2011examinations in ICE Jamaica and ICE Trinidad and Tobago"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"ISBN":["9789027213686","9789027252876"],"references-count":45,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/veaw.g68.05wes","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-7362"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0172-7362"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]}}}