{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T04:09:30Z","timestamp":1751602170760,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"Amsterdam","reference-count":34,"publisher":"John Benjamins Publishing Company","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9789027201362"},{"type":"electronic","value":"9789027263612"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p content-type=\"no-indent\">When the concept of linguistic justice was proposed by <jats:xref>Pool (1991)<\/jats:xref> in order to cope with the asymmetries quite often found in multilingual contexts, it immediately provoked a great deal of debate. To sum up the debate, there is broad agreement on the meaning of linguistic in-justice, but it is still not clear what linguistic justice really is. This doubt is reflected in the mechanics of the proposed methods for the evaluation of multilingual contexts. What are we measuring? In particular, justice for whom, for example, national citizens or migrants? At which level of analysis, that is to say, at local, national, or transnational? The answers to these types of questions will determine our choice of the right\u00a0\u2013 or at least the appropriate\u00a0\u2013 parameters to be taken into account in order to design an index of the proposed measurement method. In other words, measures are far from neutral, in spite of the fact that they are quantitative, especially in the field of analytical sociolinguistics (<jats:xref>Iann\u00e0ccaro &amp; Dell\u2019Aquila, 2011<\/jats:xref>). After almost a decade of refinements, in particular by <jats:xref>Van Parijs (2004<\/jats:xref>, <jats:xref>2011<\/jats:xref>, <jats:xref>2012<\/jats:xref>), <jats:xref>Grin (2011)<\/jats:xref>, and <jats:xref>Grin and Gazzola (2007)<\/jats:xref> observed that the intangible value of a language, being one of the main carriers of culture, is quite often left aside in the indexes that propose to measure linguistic justice as a whole. The only variable that seems to be generally accepted as being relevant is territory.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>In this chapter, I examine the Calvet Language Barometer (CLB) in its latest version, published on the web in 2012, under the perspective of linguistic justice. I will proceed backwards, as the CLB aims to measure the \u201clinguistic altitude\u201d of languages in isolation\u00a0\u2013 <jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>, their position on the scale\u00a0\u2013 while linguistic justice refers to languages in contact and mainly to multilingual contexts. However, the worldwide gravitational model presented in <jats:xref>Calvet (2006<\/jats:xref>, <jats:xref>1999<\/jats:xref>), is naturally compatible with the CLB and can be used for this purpose. The case study of South Tyrol will be presented in order to test the CLB in this perspective, showing to what extent the barometer works, where it does not work, and why. In the conclusion, some preliminary ideas about a genuine multilingual measure of linguistic justice will be presented, based upon an operative notion of multilingual equilibrium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1075\/wlp.6.07gob","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T13:06:41Z","timestamp":1533906401000},"page":"145-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["How to measure linguistic justice?"],"prefix":"10.1075","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1748-4921","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Federico","family":"Gobbo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04dkp9463","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Amsterdam"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/048tbm396","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Turin"}]}],"member":"1757","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"c7-CIT1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2630104"},{"key":"c7-CIT2","article-title":"On the Need for a Linguistic Justice Index","volume":"21","author":"Alcalde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Peace in Progress: Linguistic Conflicts"},{"key":"c7-CIT3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9922.2009.00534.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"c7-CIT4","first-page":"29","article-title":"Inventing the Native Speaker","volume":"1","author":"Bonfiglio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Critical Multilingualism Studies"},{"key":"c7-CIT5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781934078266"},{"volume-title":"Pour une ecologie des langues du monde","year":"1999","author":"Calvet","key":"c7-CIT6"},{"volume-title":"Towards and Ecology of World Languages","year":"2006","author":"Calvet","key":"c7-CIT7"},{"volume-title":"Barom\u00e8tre Calvet des langues du monde. WikiLF\u201d. Published online at","year":"2012","author":"Calvet","key":"c7-CIT8"},{"volume-title":"Partecipazione, esclusione linguistica e traduzione: Una valutazione del regime linguistico dell\u2019Unione Europea","year":"2014","author":"Gazzola","key":"c7-CIT9"},{"volume-title":"Lingva justeco: kiel taksi \u011din? La ekzemplo de E\u016dropa Unio","year":"2014","author":"Gazzola","key":"c7-CIT10"},{"volume-title":"Language Policy and Linguistic Justice in the European Union: The Socio-Economic Effects of Multilingualism","year":"2014","author":"Gazzola","key":"c7-CIT11"},{"key":"c7-CIT12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijal.12014"},{"key":"c7-CIT13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/lplp.34.1.05gob"},{"key":"c7-CIT14","first-page":"28","article-title":"Using Territoriality to Support Genuine Linguistic Diversity, not to get Rid of it","volume-title":"The Linguistic Territoriality Principle: Right Violation or Parity of Esteem?","author":"Grin","year":"2011"},{"key":"c7-CIT15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/aila.20.08gaz"},{"key":"c7-CIT16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2615569.2615684"},{"key":"c7-CIT17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047404511000480"},{"key":"c7-CIT18","article-title":"Integrating Language in Theories on Long-distance Movement: Migration vs Mobility & the Concept of Mobility","author":"Houtkamp","year":"2014","journal-title":"A\u2019dam Multiling"},{"key":"c7-CIT19","first-page":"151","article-title":"Numeri soggettivi. Spunti sulla vitalit\u00e0 linguistica da inchieste e trattamenti quantitativi","volume-title":"Vitalit\u00e0 di una lingua minoritaria. Aspetti e proposte metodologiche","author":"Iann\u00e0ccaro","year":"2011"},{"issue":"7","key":"c7-CIT20","first-page":"29","article-title":"Abstand Languages and Ausbau Languages","volume":"9","author":"Kloss","year":"1967","journal-title":"Anthropological Linguistics"},{"volume-title":"Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth Edition","year":"2014","author":"Lewis","key":"c7-CIT21"},{"issue":"2","key":"c7-CIT22","first-page":"103","article-title":"Assessing Endangerment: Expanding Fishman\u2019s GIDS","volume":"55","author":"Lewis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revue Roumaine de Linguistique"},{"key":"c7-CIT23","first-page":"69","article-title":"Esperanto as a Family Language","volume-title":"Lingua francas. La v\u00e9hicularit\u00e9 linguistique pour vivre, travailler et \u00e9tudier","author":"Lindstedt","year":"2010"},{"key":"c7-CIT24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/9789401208031"},{"volume-title":"Contact-induced Innovation in a Multilingual Setting: Evidence from Italian, German, and Ladin in South Tyrol","year":"2013","author":"Meluzzi","key":"c7-CIT25"},{"volume-title":"Contrastive Register Variation: A Quantitative Approach to the Comparison of English and German","year":"2014","author":"Neumann","key":"c7-CIT26"},{"volume-title":"Mesurer la diversit\u00e9 linguistique sur Internet","year":"2005","author":"Paolillo","key":"c7-CIT27"},{"key":"c7-CIT28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00905992.2013.856393"},{"issue":"2","key":"c7-CIT29","first-page":"485","article-title":"The Official Language Problem","volume":"25","author":"Pool","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Political Science Review"},{"volume-title":"Words of the World: The Global Language System","year":"2001","author":"Swaan","key":"c7-CIT30"},{"volume-title":"Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature","year":"1986","author":"Thiong\u2019o","key":"c7-CIT31"},{"key":"c7-CIT32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003975604001407"},{"key":"c7-CIT33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:osobl\/9780199208876.001.0001"},{"key":"c7-CIT34","first-page":"35","article-title":"On Linguistic Territoriality and Belgium\u2019s Linguistic Future","volume-title":"Belgium: Quo Vadis? Waarheen na de zesde staatshervorming","author":"Van Parijs","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Studies in World Language Problems","The Politics of Multilingualism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T16:08:44Z","timestamp":1751558924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/benjamins.com\/catalog\/wlp.6.07gob"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1075\/wlp.6.07gob\/html","label":"DeGruyter"}]},"subtitle":["Theoretical considerations and the South Tyrol case study of the Calvet Language Barometer"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]},"ISBN":["9789027201362","9789027263612"],"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/wlp.6.07gob","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-1183"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1572-1183"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]}}}