{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T19:40:25Z","timestamp":1777318825142,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,9]],"date-time":"2007-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1681,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bull. Entomol. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Mussidia nigrivenella<\/jats:italic> Ragonot is a pest of maize cobs in West Africa. It significantly reduces maize yields and grain quality, with quantitative losses of 2\u201325% at harvest, and up to 10\u201315% indirect losses due to an increase in storage pest infestation levels. Infestation by <jats:italic>M. nigrivenella<\/jats:italic> also significantly increased the susceptibility of maize to <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic> infection and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. Surveys conducted in different agro-ecological zones of Benin on cultivated and wild host plants during 1994\u20131997 revealed one egg parasitoid, three larval parasitoids and one pupal parasitoid attacking <jats:italic>M. nigrivenella<\/jats:italic>. Egg parasitism was scarce on all host plants sampled and in all four agro-ecological zones. Parasitism by larval and pupal parasitoids was usually less than 10%, and varied with host plant species. Both larval and pupal parasitoids were rare or absent in cultivated maize fields. The solitary chalcidid pupal parasitoid, <jats:italic>Antrocephalus crassipes<\/jats:italic> Masi, was the predominant species, contributing approximately 53% of the observed mortality. Logistic regression analysis indicated that this parasitoid was more prevalent on fruits of <jats:italic>Gardenia<\/jats:italic> spp. (Rubiaceae) than on the other host plant species including maize used by <jats:italic>M. nigrivenella<\/jats:italic>, and was most abundant between February and September. The differences in parasitoid diversity and parasitism between Benin and other regions suggest that there are opportunities for biological control through introduction of exotic parasitoids or using the \u2018new association\u2019 approach, which uses natural enemies of closely related host species that occupy similar ecological niches to the target pest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/ber2002175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,26]],"date-time":"2003-02-26T17:47:22Z","timestamp":1046281642000},"page":"343-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Natural enemies of the maize cob borer, <i>Mussidia nigrivenella<\/i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Benin, West Africa"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"S\u00e9tamou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Schulthess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Goergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.-M.","family":"Poehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Borgemeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref021","first-page":"210","volume-title":"Catalogue des insectes au Cameroun d'int\u00e9r\u00eat agricole","author":"Nonveiller","year":"1984"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref004","first-page":"111","article-title":"A study of pest\u2013parasitoid relationship in natural habitats: an aid toward the biological control of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)","volume":"64","author":"Conlong","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proceedings of the South African Sugar Technology Association"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref012","first-page":"392","volume-title":"Applied logistic regression","author":"Hosmer","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref040","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Semiochemicals: their role in pest control","author":"Vinson","year":"1981"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300050604"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/8.5.829"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref008","first-page":"779","volume-title":"Pests of cocoa","author":"Entwistle","year":"1972"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1997.0100"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref013","first-page":"134","article-title":"Contribution to the study of the Phycitinae (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) part 1","volume":"4","author":"Janse","year":"1941","journal-title":"Journal of the Entomological Society of South Afric"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref006","first-page":"69","article-title":"Biological control of Eldana saccharina Walker in South African sugarcane: constraints identified from 15 years of research","volume":"17","author":"Conlong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Insect Science and its Application"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4039\/Ent121829-10"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02371003"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1940957"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1995.tb02002.x"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref037","first-page":"325","article-title":"Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude de Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) particuli\u00e8rement au B\u00e9nin","volume":"32","author":"Staeubli","year":"1977","journal-title":"Coton et Fibres Tropicales"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1992.tb00664.x"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref023","first-page":"1","article-title":"Natural enemies of rice stem-borers and allied species in various parts of the world and possibilities of their use in biological control of rice stem-borers in Asia","volume":"6","author":"Rao","year":"1965","journal-title":"Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control Technical Bulletin"},{"key":"S0007485302000408_ref038","first-page":"794","article-title":"A new host record of a hyperparasite Perilampus sp. 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