{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:50:39Z","timestamp":1790859039457,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,9]],"date-time":"2007-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8286,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. The prevalence of visual defects, especially from causes associated with nutritional deficiencies, and their relation to diarrhoea in rural Bangladesh have been studied. A trained physician and a team of health workers examined visual defects in 149 villages, with a total population of 182976.<\/jats:p><jats:p>2. According to WHO classification, night blindness (XN) was found in only 0.03 persons\/1000 population and 0.04 were found to have conjunctival xerosis (XIA) and Bitot's spot (XIB). Corneal xerosis (X2, X3A, X3B) also was found in 0.04 persons\/1000. Night blindness combined with conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spot (XN + XIA + XIB) was present in 1.69 persons\/1000 and all combined stages of active xerophthalmia were seen in 0.06 persons\/1000. Xerophthalmia prevailed up to age 19 years. Males had a significantly higher (2.9) incidence\/1000 than did females (1.2).<\/jats:p><jats:p>3. The total rate of keratomalacial scar for all ages was 0.31 persons\/1000, while corneal opacity from other causes was seen in 2.25 persons\/1000 population.<\/jats:p><jats:p>4. More than 2.06 persons\/1000 had ocular manifestations of one or more vitamin A deficiencies, while 4.47 persons\/1000 had other ocular diseases, except for cataracts.<\/jats:p><jats:p>5. Only 12.0% of all the corneal scars (XS) were due to keratomalacia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>6. History of night blindness is a good indicator of vitamin A deficiency. In 96% of cases, night blindness was associated with conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spot (XN + XIA + XIB).<\/jats:p><jats:p>7. The onset of approximately 86% of cases of corneal xerosis (X2, X3A, X3B) and night blindness associated with conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spot (XN + XIA + XIB) was related to diarrhoea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn19840065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,9]],"date-time":"2005-06-09T07:49:51Z","timestamp":1118303391000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Nutritional ocular diseases and their association with diarrhoea in Matlab, Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Moslem Uddin","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MD. Emdadul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matiar Rahman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5710.668-b"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/26.4.ii"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(80)90071-1"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref023","unstructured":"WHO\/USAID Joint Report (1976). Vitamin A Deficiency and Xerophthalmia. Technical Report Series no. 590. Geneva: WHO."},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref015","unstructured":"Nigar S. (1981). Complications of measles in rural Bangladesh (long-term complications in the under 2-year-olds). MSc in Community Health Dissertation, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine."},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92581-2"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(81)80006-1"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref009","volume-title":"Nutrition Report (Pushti Barta): Recommendation of 1975\u201376 Survey","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref016","first-page":"10","volume":"80","author":"Rahman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref007","first-page":"360","volume":"3","author":"Horntino","year":"1978","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref018","first-page":"1615","volume-title":"Proceedings of the XXIIIrd International Congress of Ophthalmology","author":"Sommer","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref022","unstructured":"WHO\/UNICEF Joint Report (1982). Control of Vitamin A Deficiency and Xerophthalmia. Technical Report Series no. 672. Geneva: WHO."},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/23.1.119"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref004","unstructured":"Chowdhury M. K. , Becker S. , Razzak A. , Sarder A. M. , Sheikh A. K. & Chen L. C. (1981). Scientific Report, no. 47, p. 46. Dhaka: International Centre for Diarrhoea1 Disease Research."},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1982.11687536"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref012","volume-title":"Potency and Eficiency of Vaccines","author":"Krishnamurty","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref005","unstructured":"Directorate of Nutrition, Ministry of Health (1980). Indonesia report on Nutritional Blindness Prevention Project."},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.4.887"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref014","volume-title":"Nutritional Ophthalmology","author":"McLaren","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref006","first-page":"29","volume":"8","author":"D'Souza","year":"1981","journal-title":"Rural Demography"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref008","volume-title":"Nutrition Survey of Rural Bangladesh 1975\u201376","year":"1977"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/142.5.660"},{"key":"S0007114584000660_ref017","volume-title":"Nutritional Blindness: Xerophthalmia and Keratomalacia","author":"Sommer","year":"1981"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114584000660","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T20:25:47Z","timestamp":1558643147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114584000660\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114584000660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/bjn19840065","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,7]]}}}