{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T22:07:23Z","timestamp":1758406043518},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,9]],"date-time":"2007-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7678,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. Experiments involving <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N and <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C tracers were made in sheep consuming 800 g air-dry chopped lucerne (<jats:italic>Merlicugo sativa<\/jats:italic>) hay\/d and providing 20.4 g N\/d to study N and C flows within the caecal digesta and between the caecum, blood and rumen.<\/jats:p><jats:p>2. Continuous infusions of <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N tracers were made into the caecal ammonia, blood urea and rumen NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> pools. The concentration and enrichment of caecal digesta NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N, caecal microbial N, caecal digesta non-urea. non-ammonia-N (NU-NAN), faecal NU-NAN, blood urea-N, rumen digesta NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N and rumen bacterial N were estimated at intervals during the infusions. A three-pool open-compartment model was solved to estimate N flows between the caecal digesta NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N, blood urea-N and rumen digesta NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N pools.<\/jats:p><jats:p>3. The rate of irreversible loss from the caecal digesta NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N pool was 2.17 (SE 0.623) g N\/d. On average 0.9 (SE 0.56) g N\/d of caecal digesta NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N was derived from blood urea and 0.1 (SE 0.08) g caecal digesta NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N\/d was apparently derived from the fermentation of undigested rumen microbes in the caecum. The amount of NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N produced by proteolysis and deamination of dietary and endogenous N was 1.1 (SE 0.13) g\/d.<\/jats:p><jats:p>4. There was net incorporation of 0.56 (SE 0.306) g caecal digesta NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N\/d into caecal microbes. The microbial U synthesized <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> in the caecum was not determined, but 2.9 (SE 0.52) g microbial N\/d of both rumen and caecal origin flowed out of the caecum and constituted 0.48 of the NU-NAN flow. The majority (mean 0.83 (SE 0.044)) of this microbial N was excreted in faeces.<\/jats:p><jats:p>5. On average 1.8 (SE 0.80) g caecal digesta NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N\/d were absorbed. Of this NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N, 0.92 (SE 0.054) was converted to blood urea, contributing 0.10 (SE 0.031) of blood urea-N. Only 0.012 (SE 0.0041) of rumen digesta NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N and 0.005 (SE 0, 0009) of rumen bacterial N were derived from caecal digesta NH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-N.<\/jats:p><jats:p>6. Infusions of <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C tracers were made into the caecal digesta bicarbonate, blood bicarbonate, rumen digesta bicarbonate and blood urea pools, and samples were obtained at intervals to determine the specific radioactivity of each pool. A four-pool open-compartment model was solved to estimate C flows between these pools.<\/jats:p><jats:p>7. The rate of irreversible loss of blood urea estimated with [<jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C]urea (17.1 (SE 1.18) g N\/d) was greater (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) than that estimated with [<jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N]urea (14.0 (SE 0.87) g N\/d).<\/jats:p><jats:p>8. Transfer of blood urea to the caecal digesta estimated with <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C tracers (1.4 (SE 0.61) g N\/d) was greater (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) than that estimated with I5N tracers (0.9 (SE 0.56) g N\/d). The estimate of transfer of blood urea to the rumen digesta was also greater with 14C tracers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05; 1.7 (SE 0.15) and 1.2 (SE 0.19) g N\/d respectively). The urea hydrolysed in the gastrointestinal tract other than in the rumen digesta pool and the caecal digesta pool was 0.56 of total urea hydrolysis when estimated with <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>C tracers, or 0.69 when estimated with <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>N tracers. Results from previous acute experiments suggested that with three of the four observations made in three sheep in the present experiment the transfer of blood urea to the caecal digesta could have occurred entirely via ileal digesta. Similarly, urea transfer to the rumen digesta could have occurred entirely via saliva.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn19860039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,17]],"date-time":"2005-09-17T00:07:20Z","timestamp":1126915640000},"page":"313-332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Nitrogen and carbon flows between the caecum, blood and rumen in sheep given chopped lucerne (<i>Medicago sativa<\/i>) hay"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"R. M.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. V.","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref005","first-page":"470","volume":"82","author":"Binnerts","year":"1968","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600023510"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53A","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19770009","volume":"36","author":"Kennedy","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref044","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Reviews in Rural Science","volume":"2","author":"Nolan","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19790026"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas84-013"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref016","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Tracer Studies on Non-Protein Nitrogen for Ruminants","volume":"2","author":"Engelhardt","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref051","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant","author":"Ulyatt","year":"1975"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19760092"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref049","volume-title":"Tracer Methods for In Vivo Kinetics","author":"Shipley","year":"1972"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1969.tb01954.x"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19720045"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19670037"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19790090"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9750743"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1964.206.6.1315","volume":"206","author":"Hakim","year":"1964","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19710020"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19700095"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9730587"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600060974"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0560355"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(76)84157-4"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19650043"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)33942-0","volume":"14","author":"MacRae","year":"1973","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19760016"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19720007"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19710066"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref046","first-page":"26","volume":"48","author":"Norton","year":"1982","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19800072"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref006","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Tracer Studies on Non-Protein Nitrogen for Ruminants","volume":"3","author":"Boda","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19820038"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1955.35.1.169","volume":"35","author":"Kornberg","year":"1955","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19790147"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9780595"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref002","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis","year":"1975"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19830147"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106100"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref007","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Protein Metabolism and Nutrition","author":"Chalmers","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1978.4661789x"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105551"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19740002"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19820039"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600059207"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref018","first-page":"16A","volume":"30","author":"Harrison","year":"1971","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600057063"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref025","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant","author":"Houpt","year":"1970"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas80-030"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600023522"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-26-12-1346"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19720081"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)90667-2"},{"key":"S0007114586000405_ref050","volume-title":"Statistical Methods","author":"Snedecor","year":"1967"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114586000405","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T15:07:34Z","timestamp":1558537654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114586000405\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,3]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114586000405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/bjn19860039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,3]]}}}