{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T02:55:58Z","timestamp":1761101758073},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,9]],"date-time":"2007-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5607,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nutritional deficiencies of magnesium or zinc lead to a progressive and often marked growth retardation. We have evaluated the effect of Mg and Zn deficiency on growth, serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (s-IGF-1), growth hormone (s-GH) and insulin (s-insulin) in young rats. In 3-week-old rats maintained on Mg-deficient fodder for 12 d the weight gain was reduced by about 34%, compared with pair-fed controls. This was accompanied by a 44% reduction in s-IGF-1, while s-insulin showed no decrease. After 3 weeks on Mg-deficient fodder, growth had ceased while serum Mg (s-Mg) and s-IGF-1 were reduced by 76 and 60% respectively. Following repletion with Mg, s-Mg was completely normalized in 1 week, and s-IGF-1 reached control level after 2 weeks. Growth rate increased, but the rats had failed to catch up fully in weight after 3.5 weeks. Absolute and relative pair-feeding were compared during a Mg repletion experiment. Absolute pair-fed animals were given the same absolute amount of fodder as the Mg-deficient rats had consumed the day before. Relative pair-fed animals were given the same amount of fodder, on a body-weight basis, consumed in the Mg-deficient group the day before. In a repletion experiment the two methods did not differ significantly from each other with respect to body-weight, muscle weight, tibia length and s-IGF-1, although there was a tendency towards higher levels in the relative pair-fed group. The peak in s-GH after growth hormone-releasing factor 40 (GRF 40) was 336 (se 63) \u03bcg\/l in 5-week-old rats that had been Mg depleted for 14 d, whereas age-matched control animals showed a peak of 363 (se 54) \u03bcg\/l (not significant).<\/jats:p><jats:p>In 3-week-old rats maintained on Zn-deficient fodder for 14 d weight gain was reduced by 83% compared with pair-fed controls. Serum Zn (s-Zn) and s-IGF-1 were reduced by 80 and 69% respectively, while s-insulin was reduced by 66%. The Zn-deficient animals showed a more pronounced growth inhibition than that seen during Mg deficiency and after 17 d on Zn-deficient fodder s-IGF-1 was reduced by 83%. Following repletion with Zn, s-Zn was normalized and s-IGF-1 had increased by 194% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;0.05) after 3 d. s-IGF-1, however, was not normalized until after 2.5 weeks of repletion. Growth rate increased but the catch-up in weight was not complete during 6 weeks. The maximum increase in s-GH after GRF 40 was 774 (se 61) \u03bcg\/l in control animals \u03bd. 657 (se 90) \u03bcg\/l in 6-week-old rats that had been Zn-depleted for 12 d (not significant). In conclusion, both Mg and Zn deficiency lead to growth inhibition that is accompanied by reduced circulating s-IGF-1, but unchanged s-GH response. Zn deficiency, but not Mg deficiency, caused a reduction in s-insulin. The reduction in s-IGF-1 could not be attributed to reduced energy intake, but seems to be a specific effect of nutritional deficiency of Mg or Zn. It is suggested that the growth retardation seen during these deficiency states may be mediated through reduced s-IGF-1 production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn19910051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,17]],"date-time":"2005-09-17T04:07:20Z","timestamp":1126930040000},"page":"505-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Role of insulin-like growth factor-1 and growth hormone in growth inhibition induced by magnesium and zinc deficiencies"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Inge","family":"D\u00f8rup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Flyvbjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria E.","family":"Everts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torben","family":"Clausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19840122"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/100.1.123"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref032","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals","author":"Warner","year":"1972"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19700102"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/22.10.1332"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19790140"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19720075"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(91)90001-D"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/219193b0"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/89.3.300"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-711X(78)90055-1"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref026","first-page":"486","article-title":"Effect of growth hormone on non-hypophyseetomized zinc-deficient rats","volume":"73","author":"Prasad","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/22.10.1323"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01952405"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19700021"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1210628","article-title":"The role of insulin-like growth factor I in growth of diabetic rats","volume":"121","author":"Binz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinologica"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref003","first-page":"E21","article-title":"Influence of zinc on growth, somatomedin, and glycosaminoglycan metabolism in rats","volume":"252","author":"Bolze","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196703092761001"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19910050"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198911000-00010"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00285295"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref025","first-page":"419","article-title":"Cellular aspects of growth and catch-up growth in the rat: a reevaluation","volume":"50","author":"Pitts","year":"1986","journal-title":"Growth"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-120-2-491"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110757"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref019","first-page":"77","article-title":"Plasma zinc and copper levels during the acute phase of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and after recovery","volume":"34","author":"Laditan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Tropical and Geographical Medicine"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-114-5-1860"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19890029"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.47.030185.002303"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1974.tb02336.x"},{"key":"S0007114591001083_ref014","volume-title":"Linear Growth Retardation in Less Developed Countries. 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