{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:21:13Z","timestamp":1777501273315,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,2]],"date-time":"2007-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175472000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4900,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Four steers were maintained wholly by intragastric infusion of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and protein, together with a mineral\u2013vitamin supplement. The infusion was given at three levels of energy, namely 450, 675 and 900 kJ\/g live weight<jats:sup>0\u00b775<\/jats:sup>, calculated to supply energy at 1\u00b70,1\u00b75 or 2\u00b70 times that required for maintenance. The VFA provided 0\u00b7837 and the protein 0\u00b7163 of the energy infused. The molar proportions of individual VFA were varied so that the infusate contained 0\u00b736\u20130\u00b791 of acetic acid, 0\u00b756\u20130\u00b701 of propionic acid and a constant 0\u00b708 of butyric acid. Heat production was measured in respiration chambers. Urine was analysed for N, urea, \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate and VFA. Blood plasma was analysed for \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, insulin and glucose. As the proportion of acetic acid was increased, and propionic acid reduced, there was no change in blood or urine metabolites or in heat production until acetic acid exceeded a proportion of about 0\u00b775. At higher proportions \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate increased in plasma and urine, blood glucose and insulin tended to fall and urinary N excretion rose. At a proportion of acetic acid of &gt; 0\u00b780, acetate appeared in the urine and at &gt; 0\u00b786 heat production declined. The effect of level of infusion on the molar proportion at which plasma and urine metabolites changed was less clear. There was a tendency for the increase in \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate to occur at a slightly lower proportion of acetic acid at the highest level of infusion. It is concluded that differences in heat production that are observed between diets are probably not caused by differences in rumen VFA proportions. The reaction to a highly elevated proportion of acetic acid is to excrete \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate and acetate in the urine and so decrease rather than increase heat production. Regardless of level of infusion a metabolic crisis occurred when the proportion of acetic acid was above the levels found in the rumen content of normally-fed animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn19930163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T18:09:04Z","timestamp":1118513344000},"page":"679-687","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of level of input of different proportions of volatile fatty acids on energy utilization in growing ruminants"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"E. R.","family":"\u00d8rskov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. A.","family":"Macleod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(68)87208-X"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19570063"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(73)90048-1"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19830101"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/9.11.673"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19660051"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19900026"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19790070"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19790069"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19850104"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1991.6983389x"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref013","first-page":"374","article-title":"Specific dynamic actions of acetic acid and heat increment of feeding in ruminants","volume":"5","author":"McClymont","year":"1952","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Scientific Research"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0500059"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref003","first-page":"111","article-title":"Absorption of acetic, propionic and butyric acids from the alimentary canal","volume":"38","author":"Barcroft","year":"1944","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19870011"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref009","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on Energy Metabolism. Europeun Association of Animal Production Publication","author":"Gadeken","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref006","first-page":"441","volume-title":"Energy Metabolism","author":"Brouwer","year":"1965"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref005","volume-title":"Energy Metabolism in Ruminants","author":"Blaxter","year":"1962"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456326900600108"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/11.6.624","article-title":"Automated and manual direct methods for determination of blood urea","volume":"11","author":"Marsh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref010","unstructured":"KuVera J. C. (1989). Energy and nitrogen metabolism in cattle nourished by intragastric infusion of nutrients. PhD Thesis, Aberdeen University."},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19820066"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/an9709500181"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2430821"},{"key":"S0007114593001643_ref022","volume-title":"Energy Nutrition in Ruminants","author":"\u00d8rskov","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114593001643","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T17:00:24Z","timestamp":1586278824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114593001643\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114593001643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/bjn19930163","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]}}}