{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T09:06:05Z","timestamp":1699347965376},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,9]],"date-time":"2007-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4085,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cu has long been known to influence immune responses. An in vitro model system was established in which human myeloid(HL-60), B-lymphoid (Raji) and T-lymphoid (Molt-3) cell lines could be grown in culture media of varying Cu levels. Initially Cu was removed from the medium by dialysisof fetal calf serum against a metal-ion chelator, minor depletion of other trace metals being obviated by repletion with appropriate metal salts. The growth rate of HL-60 was significantly (P&lt;0\u00b705) inhibited by 72 h Cu depletion. Molt-3 cells required a longer period, up to 144 h, in Cudepleted medium before growth was impaired. Raji-cell growth was not affected. These results confirmed clinical observations that T-cell functions were more sensitive to Cu deprivation than B cells. Analysis of intracellular metal levels in Molt-3 cells showed that Cu levels had been significantly lowered (P &lt;0\u00b705) although Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>levels were raised. Intracellular activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (EC 1. 15. 1. 1) was significantly impaired (P&lt;0\u00b705) in Molt-3 cells grown in Cudepleted medium. Activity of the mitochondria1 enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1. 9. 3. 1) was also significantly impaired (P &lt;0\u00b705) by Cu depletion. Each of these findings indicates an increase in the potential for cellular damage by reduced antioxidant activity, impairment of normal mitochondrial activity and excessive Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>influx. A major consequence of the type of damage occurring under these circumstances is membrane disruption. This was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy of Molt-3 cells grown under varying Cu levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn19960113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,17]],"date-time":"2005-09-17T04:07:20Z","timestamp":1126930040000},"page":"97-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The effects of copper deficiency on human lymphoid and myeloid cells: an<i>in vitro<\/i>model"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"K. 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