{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T01:28:36Z","timestamp":1780104516159,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,9]],"date-time":"2007-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1194,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the present study was to explore the nature, extent and probable causes of nutritional deficiencies among children with disabilities living in Dharavi, a slum in Mumbai, India. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate whether the nutritional status of children with disabilities, aged 2\u20136 years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 141), was worse than that of non-disabled sibling controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 122) and neighbour controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 162). Data on food patterns, anthropometry, micronutrient status and feeding difficulties reported by parents were collected. The mean weight for age of the children with disabilities (\u22122\u00b744 (sd 1\u00b739) <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> scores; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 120) was significantly lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705) compared with the sibling (\u22121\u00b770 (sd 1\u00b720) <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> scores; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 109) and neighbour (\u22121\u00b783 (sd 1\u00b7290) <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> scores; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 162) control groups. The children with disabilities had significantly lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705) mean haemoglobin levels (92 (sd 23) g\/l; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 134) compared with siblings (102 (sd 18) g\/l; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 103) and neighbours (99 (sd 18) g\/l; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 153). Relative risk (RR) analysis indicated that the disabled children with feeding difficulties were significantly more likely (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705) to be malnourished, by the indicator of weight for age (RR 1\u00b71; 95 % CI 1\u00b708, 1\u00b720) compared with the disabled children without a feeding difficulty. They were also significantly more likely to be malnourished using the indicators of height for age (RR 1\u00b73; 95 % CI 1\u00b719, 1\u00b743) and weight for height (RR 2\u00b74; 95 % CI 1\u00b778, 3\u00b723) compared with the disabled children without a feeding difficulty. Feeding difficulties were identified as a risk factor for vulnerability to inadequate nutritional status among children with disabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn2003991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,27]],"date-time":"2003-11-27T21:48:27Z","timestamp":1069969707000},"page":"1097-1106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Feeding difficulties in disabled children leads to malnutrition: experience in an Indian slum"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Aisha K.","family":"Yousafzai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Filteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Wirz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780192622334.001.0001"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref012","volume-title":"Principles of Nutritional Assessment","author":"Gibson","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02072624"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref055","volume-title":"The Prevalence of Anaemia in Women: a tabulation of available information","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280110113449"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.94.2.169"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref046","first-page":"479","article-title":"The impact of feeding problems on growth and energy intake in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"45","author":"Thommessen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Health"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref026","first-page":"60","article-title":"A pilot study of the nutritional status of disabled and non-disabled children living in Dharavi, Mumbai","volume":"38","author":"Pai","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref045","volume-title":"The Health and Social Needs of Young Adults with Physical Disabilities","author":"Thomas","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114598001524"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2001.00644.x"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref048","volume-title":"Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests","author":"Tietz","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref036","first-page":"226","article-title":"Screening of rickets in a Haryana town","volume":"29","author":"Singh","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90329-8"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref037","first-page":"268","article-title":"Quantitative food frequency questionnaire and assessment of dietary intake","volume":"11","author":"Singhal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref053","first-page":"128","article-title":"Children with cerebral palsy:aregivers\u2019 nutrition knowledge, attitudes and beliefs","volume":"61","author":"Verrall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can J Diet Pract Res"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mrr.0000054809.81886.33"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb13954.x"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref032","volume-title":"Feeding the Disabled Child","author":"Sullivan","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1992.tb11449.x"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref024","volume-title":"Traditional and Changing Views of Disability in Developing Societies: Causes, Consequences, Cautions","author":"Mallory","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)00163-K"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)02063-0"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)08200-6"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref006","first-page":"2","article-title":"Dharavi Project 1985: an investigation into patterns of infant feeding and malnutrition in the urban slum of Dharavi in Bombay","volume":"33","author":"Crean","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Trop Paediatr"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.1.59"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref035","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Feeding the Disabled Child","author":"Shaw","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.87.2.111"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1986.tb03924.x"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/58.2.192"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref029","article-title":"The prevalence of feeding problems in pre-school children with cerebral palsy","author":"Reilly","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/19.3.613"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)00691-X"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11582.x"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00307.x"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.4.627"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref025","unstructured":"National Family Health Survey (2000) National Family Health Survey, India 1998\u20131999. http:\/\/www.nfhsindia.org."},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1993.tb07925.x"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.6.1101"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.6.1295"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(02)90084-2"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1999.00834.x"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-200023030-00007"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3362\/9780855987053"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90360-1"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(98)00088-4"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199405000-00005"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/37.1.37"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref056","volume-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr","author":"Yousafzai","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600850"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref052","volume-title":"How to Weigh and Measure Children \u2013 Assessing the Nutritional Status of Young Children in Household Surveys","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0261-5614(84)90025-6"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref017","unstructured":"Indian Census Data (1991) Census of India 1991. http:\/\/www.censusindia.net."},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13730.x"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600717"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref016","volume-title":"Prejudice and Dignity \u2013 An Introduction to Community Based Rehabilitation","author":"Helander","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref031","volume-title":"Feeding Problems, Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Young Children \u2013 A Multi-disciplinary Approach","author":"Richardson","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0007114503002290_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.39.9.578"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007114503002290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T02:25:10Z","timestamp":1660184710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007114503002290\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007114503002290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/bjn2003991","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1145","1475-2662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1145","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2662","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]}}}