{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:06:36Z","timestamp":1760954796213},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,8]],"date-time":"2007-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173312000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":523,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Flaxseed is a dietary source of possible chemopreventive compounds such as lignans and \u03b1-linolenic acid (ALA). To study the effects of a flaxseed mixture on adenoma formation in multiple intestinal neoplasia mice, the mice were fed a diet containing 2\u00b77 % flaxseed, 4\u00b75 % fibre and 3\u00b77 % ALA. To elucidate the effect of oils of the mixture we also composed a diet without flaxseed but with the same oil composition. The median number of adenomas in the small intestine was fifty-four for the control group, and thirty-seven (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7023) and forty-two (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7095) for flaxseed and oil groups, respectively. Compared with controls (1\u00b72 mm), the adenoma size was smaller in the flaxseed (0\u00b79 mm; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7002) and oil (1\u00b70 mm; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7012) groups. Both diets changed the proportions of <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-3 and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-6 fatty acids in the colonic mucosa. Membrane \u03b2-catenin and protein kinase C (PKC)-\u03b6 levels were reduced in the adenoma <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. mucosa (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705), and an inverse association was found between the membrane PKC-\u03b6 in the mucosa and the adenoma number (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> \u22120\u00b7460, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7008, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> 32). Only the flaxseed diet increased lignan levels in the caecum (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7002) and in plasma (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7002) but they were not associated with tumour formation. The results suggest that the preventive effect of flaxseed on colon carcinogenesis may be due to the oil part of flaxseed, and the loss of \u03b2-catenin and PKC-\u03b6 from the membranes of the mucosal tissue may play a permissive role in intestinal tumour development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn20051535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,29]],"date-time":"2005-09-29T17:07:29Z","timestamp":1128013649000},"page":"510-518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effects of a flaxseed mixture and plant oils rich in \u03b1-linolenic acid on the adenoma formation in multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Seija I.","family":"Oikarinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Maria","family":"Pajari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irma","family":"Salminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satu-Maarit","family":"Heinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herman","family":"Adlercreutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marja","family":"Mutanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940415)73:8<2069::AID-CNCR2820730810>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/20.4.635"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.11.2217"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010615215528"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref052","first-page":"5257","article-title":"Mechanism of action of chemoprotective ursodeoxycholate in the azoxymethane model of rat colonic carcinogenesis: potential roles of protein kinase C-\u03b1, \u03b2II and \u03b6","volume":"55","author":"Wali","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8698190"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70367-1"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327914NC4502_10"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(02)00777-5"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-351X(98)80011-6"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1350108"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2000.4655"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref042","volume-title":"World Cancer Report","author":"Stewart","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006293422603"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.126.3.747"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-004-0521-z"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.6.1167"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.3.386"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(99)00158-5"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007022329660"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref020","first-page":"770","article-title":"Five of six protein kinase C isoenzymes present in normal mucosa show reduced protein levels during tumour development in the human colon","volume":"15","author":"Kahl-Reiner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/19.6.1087"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35094067"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01423"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.5.1018"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(02)00239-2"},{"key":"S0007114505002102_ref006","first-page":"391","article-title":"Point: from animal models to prevention of colon cancer. 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